The aim of the course is to provide the student with knowledge of the main types, functions and purposes of the charging and operating systems and subsystems of electric automotive and railway vehicles. The aim is also to make the student understand the need for measurements to: ? improve the projects of the charging stations and verification of a charging station ? characterization of a powertrain ? define and measure energy efficiency in DC railway system ? improve the efficiency of electric vehicles ? provide the correct energy billing to the customers ? verify the compatibility of human exposure to EMF in wireless charging systems.

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Program in English Measurement of electrical parameters High accuracy instrumentation for electrical measurements, calibration (U. Pogliano 4 hours) ? Parameters measured for AC or AC+DC voltage and current (means value, peak to peak, absolute value, rms, distortion?). ? Instruments for the measurements of AC and DC voltages and currents. ? Multimeters ? types and characteristics ? Traceability chain for dc voltage and current from fundamental constants (e and h); ? Standards of voltage and resistance; ? AC-DC transfer standards, meaning of the AC-DC transfer difference; ? Analog to digital converters ?types. Characteristics and specific applications ? Shunts ? Current to voltage converters ? Voltage dividers (inductive, resistive, RC) ? The measurement of electrical power and energy. ? Wattmeters ? types and characteristics. ? The traceability for electrical power. ? Calibration of a wattmeter in laboratory ? phantom power. ? Power and electrical energy measurement through voltage and current acquisition. ? Uncertainty evaluation for a measurement system. o Starting points (certificates, data sheets, tests, history of the instrument); o Combination of uncertainties; Automotive charging and electric traction systems (M. Zucca 4 hours) ? Architecture of a charging system ? Cable charging ? Wireless charging ? Architecture of an electric traction system ? International standards ? Charging profiles ? Characterization of an electric charging station ? Organization of the onsite measurements ? Assessment of uncertainty in on-site measurements Train traction systems (D. Giordano 4 hours) ? Railway/metro Supply systems (AC and DC), an overview ? An overview on the railway traction system architecture ? The problem of the wasted braking electric energy in the DC systems: how to quantify it. ? Introduction to the braking rheostats and their control system ? Measurement setup for the dissipated power and energy determination ? Possible models of the measurement ? Uncertainty estimation ? How to recover the braking electric energy: reversible substations and storage system. Introduction to the new family standard: IEC 62590 ? The energy measurement on-board the train: The standard EN 50463-2 ? Facilities for the calibration of AC and DC energy meters for railway applications Assessment of human exposure to EMF (M. Zucca 2 hours) ? Standards and guidelines for EMF measurements ? Measurement of the magnetic flux density levels ? Uncertainty assessment ? Modeling a wireless charging system ? Numerical assessment of magnetic flux density levels Dosimetry in EMF exposure (O. Bottauscio 4 hours) ? Mechanisms of interaction between EMF and human body ? Human body models ? Numerical methods for EMF dosimetry ? Standards and guidelines for dosimetry ? Examples of dosimetric assessment for WPT Real setups and conclusions (M. Zucca and D. Giordano, 2 hours)

Mixed mode

Written report presentation

P.D.2-2 - June