Geomatics is the science of modelling and analyzing geographic data, "geo-referenced" to produce and manage spatial information. If you think that most of the political decisions are taken on the basis of considerations of spatial data, the social impact of this matter is clear: Geomatics skills support technical operations, scientific programs, political, administrative, and legal issues. The knowledge of the territory through the measurement and representation is essential for its operation, for many different actions: monitoring, realization, and control of a greater part of engineering works. A civil engineer has to know the innovative tools and methods to perform measurements, create a 3D model or a map, monitor a landslide or a bridge, track infrastructure in the field, or work with digital information. This course aims to offer knowledge about modern methods of satellite positioning, GPS / GNSS positioning, inertial measurements, laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAVs), and integrated techniques, aimed at surveying applications in support of civil engineering. Moreover, the theory of the instruments and principles of measurement, the definition of the reference systems and their realization, which is the basis of georeferencing, will be provided. The statistical data analysis will be aimed at the elaboration of a survey (data acquisition) and sensors integration (data fusion). The digital data and information will be managed and visualized using a GIS platform. The data processing using specific software and tools, which are used in the scientific and professional fields, will give a modern point of view on methods of survey. The motto of this course is "LEARNING BY DOING", where the student can learn knowledge but also how to apply them on the operative point of view!

At the end of the course, the students will have: - Knowledge of the theoretical principles underlying the different measurement techniques; - Knowledge of the application of Geomatics techniques for surveying of the territory, buildings, and engineering works, for mapping, movements, and deformations monitoring, tracking, and implementation of civil engineering; - Competence in Survey Planning; - Knowledge of the techniques of data processing of current Geomatics measurements in the field; - Competences in the analysis of results by adopting statistical tools. - Ability to perform measurements with GNSS, total stations, laser scanners, inertial sensors, and digital photogrammetry techniques, even including the UAV system. - Ability to choose the optimal survey methods and ability to integrate data from different measurement techniques. - Ability to work with multispectral imagery - Capability to realize and to use digital data and maps management using a GIS platform, knowing some basic approaches. - Capacity of self-development of computational procedures for computing and solving problems in some Geomatics application fields - Capability to write a technical report. - Competences of team building and teamwork

In addition to the basic mathematical knowledge, we require the basics of topography, such as geodesy (surfaces and reference systems), cartography, treatment of measures, theoretical part, and instrumental part on the classic topographic measurements (total station and network adjustment). Basic of Statistics (concept of mean, median, standard deviation, propagation law) is required.

The course is composed by the following modules: 1) Introduction to Geomatics (1.5h) 2) Reference system (3h) 3) GNSS satellite positioning and Inertial navigation (9 h) LABS (4.5 h): GNSS planning GNSS survey (in the field) GNSS data processing 4) Laser scanner (6h) LABS (4.5 h): Survey with Laser scanner (in the field) Laser scanner data processing 5) Photogrammetry (7h) LABS (3 h): Photogrammetry acquisition (in the field) and data processing 6) Hints on Remote Sensing (3h) LABS (1.5 h): UAV-multispectral images data processing 7) Machine learning for geomatics and Statistical data processing (7 h) LABS (3 h): 2D and 3D classification and segmentation techniques 9) GIS (6h) LABS (3 h): geospatial data processing in GIS environment Each module is supported by specific labs and activities in the field (where required), where professional equipment (LiDAR, UAV, GNSS, etc.) will be used. In detail, the programme is the following: Introduction of the course. Integrated Geomatics survey DATUM: Concept and definition. Change of reference system and coordinate systems. Elements of statistics and least squares. Test and Inferences Kalman filter. Stand-alone GNSS positioning with code and phase measurements. Errors in GNSS. Relative positioning: phase differences. Positioning DGNSS, RTK, and NRTK. Physical principles of inertial positioning, gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Inertial sensors and their types IMU strapdown and gimbaled. Inertial navigation and integrated with GNSS, loosely coupled and tightly coupled. Applications GNSS / IMU in geomatics. Principles of operation of the laser scanner. Pulse and phase measurements. Positioning of the sensor for aerial and terrestrial LIDAR. Integrating aerial LIDAR, GNSS and IMU. The planning of terrestrial and aerial scans. Alignment and registration of LIDAR scans and notes on filtering, classification, and segmentation. Products and applications that make use of LIDAR. Principles of photogrammetry. Collinearity equations. Prospective Equations and external orientation. Central projection of a plane object. Flight Planning. Internal orientation, distortion lens, analytical symmetric and asymmetric relative orientation, and absolute orientation analysis. Digital photogrammetry and orthorectification. Applications of photogrammetry for surveying of the territory and buildings. Use of UAV in Geomatics. Multispectral data, UAV multispectral and hyperspectral survey, direct and indirect radiometric calibration. Spectral indices. information extraction and interpretation: DEMs, spatial interpolation, segmentations, classification and machine learning using multispectral imagery. Some fundamentals on GIS (Geographic Information System) model: data format, data modeling, selection by attribute and location, DTM and DSM analysis. Vector data analysis.

Lab activities will be realized in small groups (max 4 students).

The course is composed of: 43.5 hours of lessons, focused on giving the basic knowledge of Geomatics, and even creating an active discussion with the students about real case studies. 16.5 hours of practical activities (LABS+Survey), where the students can use specific tools and software for finding a solution to a professional problem. In fact, practical activities will be partially held in the LABs, and some sessions will be held directly in the field, where an operative survey will be conducted. In the LAB, data processing will be conducted using data collected in the field or existing datasets. Surveys in the field will be carried out for photogrammetric applications, LiDAR, and GNSS RTK positioning. In the LABs, exercises will be conducted on least squares, reference system transformation, and 3D topographic networks adjustment. Moreover, planning of GNSS survey, GNSS data processing and analysis of the surveys quality, processing and visualization of LIDAR data, photogrammetric image rectification, stereoscopic vision, and to realize cartographic products. Specific LABs will be dedicated to GIS applications. Depending on the number of students, the class will be divided into two/three groups, and for each activity, each group could be divided into different small groups, according to the organization that will be communicated during the class. During the course, students have to complete a project focused on the generation of the "as-built" of a building. Each part of the project will be developed during each LAB.

Educational material will be distributed during the course. All material that is necessary for the course will be presented and discussed in class. Further reference books - Teunissen, Peter J.G., Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Montenbruck, Oliver (Eds.) Springer 2017 - Hofmann-Wellenhof et al.(2008), GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System. Springer, New York. - Leick (2003) - GPS Satellite Surveying - J. Wiley, Canada. III Edizione. - Kraus, K., 1994. photogrammetry. Vol.1 and vol.2 - Manual of photogrammetry ASPRS - Basics of geomatics - M. A. Gomarasca, Ed. Springer, 2009 - Lidar Remote Sensing Paperback Matthew J. McGill (Author), NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) (2013) - GIS Fundamentals 2017 Stephen Wise, CRS press, 2 edition - GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems

Slides; Esercizi; Esercitazioni di laboratorio; Video lezioni dell’anno corrente; Video lezioni tratte da anni precedenti; Materiale multimediale ;

Modalita di esame: Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Group project;

... The exam aims to test the individual achievement of the basic objective of the teaching, the ability to develop a process in which knowledge of design and project are connected in each phase. The oral exam will be held "on site" and will start from the activities carried out during the laboratories and survey. Students have to be present at the beginning of the exam session where they have made the reservation to verify the effective number of students and prepare a preliminary calendar for the oral interview. Each group must upload the report to the "portale della didattica". The deadline is 10 days after the end of the course, or as differently defined by the professors. The submission of the single report is mandatory and will be evaluated in the range from -1 (poor quality) to 2 (high quality). This score will contribute to the final score as an additional score. This score will be applied only in the exam sessions held before the next course in the new academic year. The autonomy and maturity of each student are verified by finding correct solutions to some problems explained during lectures or labs. Usually, the oral exam requires about 30 minutes, and it is generally based on 3 questions, concerning all parts of the course. Laude is awarded to students who achieve a final grade of 30 or higher and demonstrate excellent proficiency in the course disciplines and topics during the oral discussion.

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilita o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unita Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione piu idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.