Knowledge of: • The types of electrical machines and their use in the different electrified vehicles • The loss characteristics, thermal behavior, and cooling aspects • The sizing equations of the e-machine • The e-machine dynamic model for electric-drive level simulation • The steady-state model of the e-machine for system level simulation Ability of: • Deriving the e-machine specifications, given the application requirements • Simulate the e-machine steady-state and dynamic behavior • Evaluate the e-machine performance across standard driving cycles Capability of: • Selecting the correct e-machine type for the vehicle application • Assessing and comparing the KPIs of different e-machines • Defining the specifications and KPIs to deal with e-machine suppliers

Prerequisite knowledge for this course includes: • Fundamentals of electrical and electronic systems • Fundamentals of heat transfer • Simulation in Matlab/Simulink

• E-machines for automotive: overview of vehicle electrification, classification of drivetrain types and e-machine types. Key definitions. • Fundamentals of electromechanical energy conversion. Magnetic circuits: wound field and permanent magnet excitation. Determination of the force and torque of an electric actuator. • DC machine: operating principle of the permanent magnet and wound stator types. Equivalent circuit and dynamic model. Mechanical characteristics, constant torque and constant power speed range, voltage saturation operation. • Thermal behavior of the e-machine: steady-state, transient operation, maximum ratings. • Distributed and concentrated windings for three-phase AC machines • Brushless motor with permanent magnets. Stationary and dynamic model of permanent magnet machines. Fields of application and comparison with the DC drives. • Wound-field synchronous machine. Stationary and dynamic model. Fields of application. • Induction machine. Stationary and dynamic model. Fields of application. • Synchronous reluctance and interior PM machines. Stationary and dynamic model. Fields of application. • E-machine sizing equations and design rules. Finite-Element assisted design of e-machines. Scaling rules of machine dimensions and output figures. • Electrical and mechanical transducers employed in electric motor drives: position, speed and torque transducers, current transducers, voltage transducers

In addition to classroom lectures, the following exercise activities are planned. Simulation Laboratory • Circuital and non-circuital dynamic models • DC-machine model • AC-machine model • Use of efficiency maps • Simulation of the driving cycle Visit to the Laboratory • Electrical machine prototypes • Example of components (cut offs, laminations, magnets, transducers) • Test setup for e-machines characterization

60 hours: Lectures 18 hours: Laboratory, exercises and simulation 3 hours: visit to the laboratory In the academic year 2021/22 the lessons and simulation laboratories will be held in presence. Virtual classroom videos will be made available at the same time, video-recorded, and made available on the “Portale della Didattica”.

The class notes, the simulation models, the exercises, and the documentation needed for preparing the exam will be provided online via the teaching portal. A useful source of information is found in the following books: • “Electrical Machines”. D. Gerling. Springer, 2016 • “Design of rotating electrical machines”, J. Pyrhonen, T. Jokinen and V. Hrabovcova. John Wiley & Sons, 2013 • “PM motor technology: design and applications”, J.F. Gieras, M. Wing; • “Electric vehicle machines and drives: design, analysis and application”. K.T. Chau. John Wiley & Sons, 2015. • SyR-e: Synchronous Reluctance Evolution (https://github.com/SyR-e )

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam;

The exam has a written and an oral part, both will take place according to the general procedures defined by PoliTO regarding the access of the students to the campus. By default, both written and oral parts will be given in presence. The students who cannot participate in presence for motivated reasons will be allowed to the blended or online modes described in the following. The written part will take place on the Exam platform in LAIB, at the date and time scheduled on the university portal. It has a duration of 90 minutes and consists of: - 6 multiple-choice quizzes: 1.0 points per questions, -0.33 penalty points for errors - 4 numerical quizzes: 2.5 points per questions. The numerical tolerance allowed on the result will be declared case by case. - 2 open quizzes: 2.5 points per question. - One written exercise: 10 total points. This must be hand-written on A4 pages, to be scanned and uploaded on the Exam platform in digital format. The score of the written exam will be saturated to 30 and evaluated as follows: • With a score of 16 points or lower, the exam is failed. • A score between 17 and 19 points implies a mandatory oral examination. • A score of 20 points or higher can be directly registered. In such case, the student can opt for the oral exam. The optional oral exam consists of one or two questions covering the course program. The final score consists of the average score of the written and oral parts.

Exam: Optional oral exam; Computer-based written test with open-ended questions or multiple-choice questions using the Exam platform and proctoring tools (Respondus);

The ONLINE exam is identical to the in-presence version, with the exception of: - The written exam taking place on Exam + Respondus from remote - The optional oral exam taking place from remote (Virtual Classroom or another platform agreed in advance)

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Computer-based written test with open-ended questions or multiple-choice questions using the Exam platform and proctoring tools (Respondus);

The BLENDED exam is identical to the in-presence and online versions, with the exception of: - The written exam taking place on Exam + Respondus from remote - The optional oral exam taking place in presence