The governing idea of the course is providing the fundamentals concepts that control dyeing as a multiphase reaction. The interactions between the chemical affinity between fibers and dyestuff, the equipment hydrodynamics, the physicochemical equilibrium and the dyeing kinetics are presented and discussed. The most common dyeing technologies are illustrated and critically evaluated. Water economization is considered both to perform dyeing and subsequent rinsing. Exhaust liquor reuse and water re-utilization and recycling are given a proper emphasis.
Dry and wet fabric finishing technologies are presented: these step clearly illustrate the importance of adding value to raw fabrics.

-From an historical back to the modern technology.
-Dyeing as a combination of subsequent mechanisms: convection, diffusion in the boundary layer, adsorption, diffusion in the solid, fixation reaction.
-Relationships between fiber macromolecular structure and dyes in the dyeing process.
-Dyeing equilibrium: thermodynamic aspects, isotherms, affinity, heat of dyeing.
-Relationship between isotherms and temperature/time operation diagrams.
-Dyeing kinetics, first and second Fick's Laws, diffusion in non-steady-state.
-Effect of process physical and chemical variables on dye diffusivities.
-Exhaustion dyeing equipment: basic constituents and theoretical model.
-Pump and circuit characteristics, autoclave and constructive schemes.
-Package dyeing of staple, sliver and yarns.
-Package dyeing of fabrics (beams).
-Hank dyeing.
-Exhaustion dyeing of fabrics (winch beck, overflow, jets).
-Jig dyeing, equipment and procedures.
-Padding of fabrics, equipment and procedure. Dye fixation by heat transfer.
-Rinsing of packages (continuous and batch wash-off models). Countercurrent rinsing of fabrics (effectives and descriptive model).
-Strategies for water use reduction. Water pinch, reuse of liquors, reuse of rinsing water. Heat recovery and wastewater recycling possibility.
-Textile finishing: objective and technology of pre-dyeing treatments (singeing, desizing, scouring, mercerising, carbonasing, fulling, washing, drying) and functional finishining of fabrics (mechanical treatments, calendering, raising, shearing, stabilisation, decatising, steaming, softening).