The aim of the course is to deepen and complete the fundamental approach to textile process calculation by using thermodynamics in connection with mass, energy and momentum balances and their transfer equations.
In the first part of the course some complements of thermodynamics are introduced with a specific consideration of textile applications. Also the complements of mass, enery and momentum transfer have the aim to give the students the skill in applying more detailed models valid for interpretation of complex systems as those that can be found in innovative textile engineering

Complements of Thermodynamics (5 CFU)

-Summary of thermodynamics relationships
-Laws of classical thermodynamics, relationships between the thermodynamic potentials, multiphase equilibrium and phase transitions, thermodynamics of simple solutions
-Thermodynamics of chemically reactive systems
The reaction coordinate, application of equilibrium criteria to chemical reactions , thermodynamic equilibrium constant, the effect of temperature and pressure on the equilibrium constant, equilibrium for multiple reactions, equilibrium electrochemistry
-Thermodynamic of surfaces
Surface tension, contact angles and capillary rise, Young-Laplace equation, Kelvin equation. The electrical double layer, Gouy-Chapman model, the Stern model, the Donnan model
-Thermodynamics of dye sorption
Dye affinity and partition coefficient, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Nernst), the enthalpy of dyeing, the entropy of dyeing, classification of dyeing systems.

Complements of Transfer Phenomena (3 CFU)
-Revision of integral mass, energy and momentum balances.
-Local mass balance and the continuity equation.
-Momentum Transport: viscosity and Newton’s law; local balance and motion equation; equation of mechanical energy. Application of the motion equation in laminar regime. Turbulent regime: velocity distribution in turbulent flow; turbulent flow in ducts; friction factor. Flow of fluids around immersed objects.
-Thermal conductivity and the mechanism of energy transfer. The Fourier’s law; local energy equation for non isothermal systems. Turbulent systems. The heat transfer coefficient. Interphase heat transfer. Application of the thermal equations.
-Diffusivity and the mechanism of mass transport. Fick’s law; the local mass balance equation in multicomponents systems; diffusion in stagnant component; diffusion in presence of chemical reactions.
Turbulent mass transfer; mass transfer coefficients. Interphase mass transfer. Analogy between the property (heat, momentum and mass) transfer in turbulent regime. Application of the transfer equations to textile processes.

Exercises are carried out in the class room as application of the fundamental laws explained in the course in industrial (and in particular textile) processes.

For the part of Transfer Phenomena: Bird and Lightfoot, Transfer Phenomena, John Whiley and Sons Inc. (ebook)

Witten and oral examination