The module aims at supplying the fundamentals of fluid-flow machines, with specific reference to constructive aspects, principles of operation, evaluation of performance and off-design operations of both the single fluid-flow machine and the energy system in which it is inserted.
Through the systematic application of the principles of thermo-fluid-dynamics to energy conversion systems and their components, the module provides the students with the ability not only to choose engines and engineering-plant solutions in relation to their applications, but also to approach and solve specific design problems by integrating the concepts acquired in the module with advanced notions on specific topics.

Through the systematic application of the principles of thermo-fluid-dynamics to energy conversion systems and their components, the module provides the students with the ability not only to choose engines and engineering-plant solutions in relation to their applications, but also to approach and solve specific design problems by integrating the concepts acquired in the module with advanced notions on specific topics.

Knowledge of the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and chemistry. Knowledge of the principles of applied Mechanics and of fluidmechanics.

PROGRAMMA
Generalities of fluid-flow machines and constructive aspects. Classification of fluid-flow machines, energy systems and their applications. Primary energy sources. Turbomachinery: blades and principle of operations. Volumetric machines: internal combustion engines, reciprocating and rotary compressors.
Principles of energy conversion; thermodynamics of fluid-flow machines and energy systems.
Conservation equations for real flows in fluid systems and their application to heat engines and turbomachineries. Evaluations of entropy, specific entropy and their variations in elementary or finite processes in energy systems.
Heating values and their application to thermodynamic analysis of the combustion. Constant-volume and constant-pressure combustion in ideal and real processes; combustion in steady-state flows. Energy balance and efficiency of combustion systems: steam generators, gas turbine burners.
Principles of thermodynamics applied to turbomachinery; velocity triangles and Eulerian expression of the shaft work ; transformations of fluid between turbomachinery vanes: nozzles and diffusers.
Thermodynamic charts and cycles; fundamental problems in engine plants: efficiency and fuel consumption of heat engines.
Turbines and turbochargers: isentropic and polytropic efficiencies; one-dimensional analysis of the flow; design process and calculation of stage performance; choice of turbomachineries; similarity in fluid motion in turbomachinery; turbomachinery characteristics.
Gas turbine plants; analysis of the ideal cycle; effects of operating variables on the efficiency of gas-turbine cycle; schemes to improve cycle efficiency.
Internal combustion reciprocating engines: cycle analysis with ideal gas working fluid; fuel-air cycle analysis; real engine cycles; valve-timing and valve-lift diagrams; power output, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency and engine operating parameters; correction factors for power and volumetric efficiency; engine operating characteristics.
Applied thermodynamic design of fluid-flow machines and their control.
Surging and rotating stall in turbochargers; operating point; turbocharging control to satisfy off-design operations; choice of a turbocharger.
Control of off-design operations in single-shaft gas turbines and of simple cycle gas turbine with free power turbine.
Combined plants and cogeneration plants. Steam turbine cogenerative power plants and their control. Combined cycle plant with gas and steam turbines; evaluation of performance, off-design analysis and control.
Hydraulic turbomachinery. Cavitation in hydraulic machines.

The applied lectures consist in solving exercises and practical problems by applying the concepts covered in the lessons. The aim of this training is to give the students the order of magnitude of the main parameters and to improve their degree of understanding.

Didactic material such as tables and diagrams will be available to registered students at the Didactic Web site of the Politecnico. In addition, a list of reference for further study will be given during the lectures.

The students should take both oral and written examination dealing with the topic of lectures and applied lectures.