Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
The predominant feature of the course is its "professionalizing" aspect and it aims to provide advanced knowledge in the field of transportation infrastructure design (i.e., roads, railways and airports). The course follows a sequential process that starts from knowledge of the various modeling techniques of the territory and ends with the design of horizontal and vertical alignments, edges and margins, slopes, and construction details. During the course certain key issues, relating to geometric and functional design, safety and economic analysis subject to compliance with rules and constraints, are presented. The topics covered deal with existing and planned transportation infrastructures.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
The main objective of the course is to teach and to train students to deal with transport planning activities through a scientific approach. The main steps of the transport modeling and planning process are presented at lesson and contextually developed by students through workshops on a real case study. Special attention is paid to those aspects that are critical for the quality of a transport plan, from data collection issues to the appropriate selection of a model for the problem instance under consideration. The last part of the course enlarges the perspective to show to students the interactions between transport systems and economics, land use and environmental issues, and how these interactions impact evaluation activities of a transport scenario.

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
The course deals with the geometric and functional design (or re-design in the case of rehabilitation) of transportation infrastructures. The topics are introduced in such a way as to promote in each student the capacity to independently analyze problems from a professional point of view. Throughout the course, there will be opportunities to update students on the progress of scientific research in this specific field.

In particular, the student will acquire the following skills:
- ability to produce geometric designs of infrastructures and their components,
- ability to assess operational functionality and safety;
- ability to estimate construction costs.

For the final exams, the student needs to know:
- the interactions between the various components of transportation infrastructures,
- the models and methods useful for geometric and functional design;
- the rules, regulations & standards currently in force.

For the purposes of their judgment skills and ability to relate to other professionals, students have to be able to:
- compile technical and descriptive reports,
- adopt and motivate design choices,
- draw tables of the project,
- coordinate design groups;
- communicate and engage with specialists from other civil engineering disciplines (structures, geotechnics, hydraulics, topography),
- use the terminology specific to sector in an appropriate way.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
Ability to analyze mobility data through basic statistical techniques. Ability to understand the ambits of use and limitations of the most common transport planning models and methods to forecast travel demand and its interaction with the supply. Ability to carry out the most common quantitative analyses that are normally needed to set up a rationale transport planning process. Ability to consider and to quantitatively evaluate some key aspects of the mobility phenomenon within a complex framework in which economic, territorial and environmental issues interfere with transport systems.

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
Knowledge of national and international regulations in various types of infrastructure courses (roads or infrastructure fundamentals) covered in the undergraduate courses. Students are required to attend the Construction of Roads, Railways and Airports course (graduate level). An understanding of written and spoken English is also mandatory.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
Basic algebra and analysis (matrices, derivatives, integrals). Fundamentals of statistics (probability distributions, cumulative distribution functions, mean, variance, standard error, coefficient of variation, confidence intervals, regression and least squares, the central limit theorem). Fundamentals of economics (demand and offer curves, elasticities). Concerning informatics, advanced use of a spreadsheet, fundamentals of computer programming and basic notions concerning GIS (geographic information systems).

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie

1.Introduzione al corso
2.Aspetti comuni nella progettazione delle infrastrutture di trasporto
-La progettazione geometrica assistita
-La formazione del modello matematico del terreno
-Il tracciamento dell’asse planimetrico e altimetrico
-La geometria delle curve di transizione (curve speciali, criteri di assimilazione)
-I sistemi di protezione idraulica del corpo stradale
-I livelli di progettazione
-Il computo metrico e la stima delle opere
3.Strade
-Principi di progettazione funzionale
-Metodi e regole della progettazione geometrica
-Le analisi di sicurezza
-Sistemi di sicurezza passiva
-Intersezioni e svincoli
4.Ferrovie
-Le caratteristiche tecniche delle linee ferroviarie
-I criteri di progettazione delle nuove linee e interventi su linee esistenti
-Correzione plano-altimetrica dei tracciati
-Apparecchi, scambi, piazzali di stazione
5.Aeroporti
-Organizzazione delle avio superfici
-Progetto delle piste
-Progetto delle vie di circolazione

Pianificazione dei trasporti (Prof. M. Diana)

1. Introduction and surveying phase (11 hours of lessons and 8 hours of workshops)
• Origins of the discipline. Some characteristics of travel demand: derived goods, relationship with the economic development, travel time budgets. The main stages in the transport planning process: surveying, simulation and modelling, evaluation and forecast.
• Definition of study area and enlarged study area. The notion of trip and its representation: zoning and zoning criteria. Definitions of trip origin and destination, trip productor and attractor. Representation of transport networks: concept of graph, centroid, centroid connector, O/D matrix, arc attributes.
• Passenger travel demand surveys: kinds of surveys and planning of the questionnaire. Simple, stratified and choice-based sampling.

2. Simulation phase: transport models (14 hours of lessons and 18 hours of workshops)
• Transport model definition and classifications. Concepts of specification, estimation, calibration and validation of passenger travel models. Kinds of errors in models. Introduction to the four-step model.
• Trip generation. Classification of trips. Aggregate trip regression models for attractions (zoning level) and disaggregate trip regression models for productions (household or individual level). Non linearity and aggregation of the results. Category analysis models. Balancing trip production and attraction models.
• Trip distribution. Recall on generalised trip costs and value of travel time. Singly and doubly constrained models. Growth factor methods. The gravity model.
• Modal split: aggregate models. Factors that influence the choice of the transport mode. Notes on aggregate modal split models and their positioning within the four-step transport planning process. Notes on synthetic trip distribution and modal trip models and on direct demand models.
• Modal split: disaggregate discrete choice models. Logistic regression and linear probability model, logit and probit model formulation. Concept of utility and consumer theory, related assumptions and subsequent characteristics of random utility models. The multinomial logit model: statistical assumptions on the distribution of residuals and subsequent limitation of the model, independence from irrelevant alternatives, recall on the elasticity concept. Heteroskedastic and correlated error structures: the hierarchical or nested logit model and its limitations, the cross-nested logit model. The multinomial probit model and taste variation. The mixed logit model: random coefficients specification.
• Using discrete choice models: model specification, choice set definition, model estimation, aggregation problems. Non-compensatory choice protocols, role of habit.
• Trip assignment. Demand-supply equilibrium, relationship between costs and flows, path choice mechanism and minimum spanning tree. Deterministic assignment methods: all-or-nothing and capacity constrained assignment, Wardrop principles and Braess’s paradox. Notes on the stochastic methods of multipath assignment. Limitations of the classical trip assignment methods.
• The four-steps model critique and activity-based approaches. Model implementations: notes on the transport planning software packages that are based on trips and zoning (EMME, Visum, TransCAD, Cube, OmniTrans) and on those based on agents and microsimulation (TRANSIMS, MATSim).

3. Building transport planning scenarios: evaluation and forecast (7 hours of lessons and 2 hours of workshops)
• Evaluation phase of a given scenario. The dimensions of an evaluation process. An example of impacts quantification: emissions and dispersion models of pollutants. The monetization of the impacts: travel time value and willingness to pay, external and social costs.
• Forecast phase. Spatial and temporal transferability of demand and supply models. Updating the model exogenous variables. Transport and land use, accessibility. Induced traffic. Travel demand and mobility management tools: regulations, pricing, offer of new services.
• The transport planning process and documents in Italy. Planning at the national level: national transport plan, SIMPT . Planning at the regional and local level: regional transport plan, urban mobility plan.

1. Introduction and surveying phase (11 hours of lessons and 8 hours of workshops)
• Origins of the discipline. Some characteristics of travel demand: derived goods, relationship with the economic development, travel time budgets. The main stages in the transport planning process: surveying, simulation and modelling, evaluation and forecast.
• Definition of study area and enlarged study area. The notion of trip and its representation: zoning and zoning criteria. Definitions of trip origin and destination, trip productor and attractor. Representation of transport networks: concept of graph, centroid, centroid connector, O/D matrix, arc attributes.
• Passenger travel demand surveys: kinds of surveys and planning of the questionnaire. Simple, stratified and choice-based sampling.

2. Simulation phase: transport models (14 hours of lessons and 18 hours of workshops)
• Transport model definition and classifications. Concepts of specification, estimation, calibration and validation of passenger travel models. Kinds of errors in models. Introduction to the four-step model.
• Trip generation. Classification of trips. Aggregate trip regression models for attractions (zoning level) and disaggregate trip regression models for productions (household or individual level). Non linearity and aggregation of the results. Category analysis models. Balancing trip production and attraction models.
• Trip distribution. Recall on generalised trip costs and value of travel time. Singly and doubly constrained models. Growth factor methods. The gravity model.
• Modal split: aggregate models. Factors that influence the choice of the transport mode. Notes on aggregate modal split models and their positioning within the four-step transport planning process. Notes on synthetic trip distribution and modal trip models and on direct demand models.
• Modal split: disaggregate discrete choice models. Logistic regression and linear probability model, logit and probit model formulation. Concept of utility and consumer theory, related assumptions and subsequent characteristics of random utility models. The multinomial logit model: statistical assumptions on the distribution of residuals and subsequent limitation of the model, independence from irrelevant alternatives, recall on the elasticity concept. Heteroskedastic and correlated error structures: the hierarchical or nested logit model and its limitations, the cross-nested logit model. The multinomial probit model and taste variation. The mixed logit model: random coefficients specification.
• Using discrete choice models: model specification, choice set definition, model estimation, aggregation problems. Non-compensatory choice protocols, role of habit.
• Trip assignment. Demand-supply equilibrium, relationship between costs and flows, path choice mechanism and minimum spanning tree. Deterministic assignment methods: all-or-nothing and capacity constrained assignment, Wardrop principles and Braess’s paradox. Notes on the stochastic methods of multipath assignment. Limitations of the classical trip assignment methods.
• The four-steps model critique and activity-based approaches. Model implementations: notes on the transport planning software packages that are based on trips and zoning (EMME, Visum, TransCAD, Cube, OmniTrans) and on those based on agents and microsimulation (TRANSIMS, MATSim).

3. Building transport planning scenarios: evaluation and forecast (7 hours of lessons and 2 hours of workshops)
• Evaluation phase of a given scenario. The dimensions of an evaluation process. An example of impacts quantification: emissions and dispersion models of pollutants. The monetization of the impacts: travel time value and willingness to pay, external and social costs.
• Forecast phase. Spatial and temporal transferability of demand and supply models. Updating the model exogenous variables. Transport and land use, accessibility. Induced traffic. Travel demand and mobility management tools: regulations, pricing, offer of new services.
• The transport planning process and documents in Italy. Planning at the national level: national transport plan, SIMPT . Planning at the regional and local level: regional transport plan, urban mobility plan.

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
With the sole exception of the introductory part of the course, for each topic there is a corresponding number of hours of exercise in the computer lab which serve to help students learn about computational tools and methods.
The exercises will be assigned to distinct groups of no more than three students. They will include elaborated plans, longitudinal profiles and cross sections (typological and for computation purposes). The lecturer will provide continuous assistance in the lab.
Students are required to produce a book of exercises that will be checked during the final examination.
Material for the exercises is provided on the website page of the course. Specific software for the design of infrastructure facilities will be available at the LAIB. As a rule, the group must include a self-completed work in order to complete each assignment.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
Eight workshops will be held during the course; each workshop will deal with a particular task in the transport planning process, but all workshops will be based on the same case study and data and therefore follow a rigidly sequential structure. During workshops, students will have to replicate on their own laptop what is done by the instructor. Then, they will have to work in groups to fully develop the proposed activity. Workshop homework will be assigned and must be turned in shortly after for correction. Homework that is not sufficiently developed or contains errors will be rejected and the group will have to resubmit it until it is approved. Each workshop builds on the results of the previous ones, so it is essential to stick to the deadlines.

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
Wright, P., Highway Engineering, Ed. Whiley.
Profillidis, V.A., Railway Management and Engineering, Ashgate ed.
Horonjeff, R., McKelvey, F.X., Planning and Design of Airports, McGraw Hill.

The following will be made available on the course webpage:
-Teaching material (slides) presented during the lectures,
-Exercise texts,
-Design manuals,
-Technical standards.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
The reference book is Ortuzar, J.d.D. and Willumsen, L.G. (2011) Modelling Transport – 4th edition, Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-76039-0, although the course covers less than half of its contents. A lot of material from other sources is needed and will be distributed by the instructor, both through a paper course reader and by the course webpage.

The reference book is Ortuzar, J.d.D. and Willumsen, L.G. (2011) Modelling Transport – 4th edition, Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-76039-0, although the course covers less than half of its contents. A lot of material from other sources is needed and will be distributed by the instructor, both through a paper course reader and by the course webpage.

Progetto di infrastrutture viarie
It is expected that an individual oral examination, lasting 45 minutes, will be held. To be admitted to the oral exam it is necessary to obtain a positive result in the exercises (more than 18/30). The oral exam consists of:
- a discussion of the exercises,
- an oral exam involving the formulation of at least three questions.

Pianificazione dei trasporti
As a precondition to take the exam, homework from all eight workshops must be previously approved by the instructor. The exam is an individual oral colloquium of about 45 minutes, during which homework outcomes are discussed (15 minutes) and a series of questions on the theoretical part of the course are asked (30 minutes). The final evaluation keeps into account both the quality of the work done during the course and the performance during the final exam.

As a precondition to take the exam, homework from all eight workshops must be previously approved by the instructor. The exam is an individual oral colloquium of about 45 minutes, during which homework outcomes are discussed (15 minutes) and a series of questions on the theoretical part of the course are asked (30 minutes). The final evaluation keeps into account both the quality of the work done during the course and the performance during the final exam.