The course is composed of two modules, the first of which concerns with the fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines, whereas the second one deals with fluid-power fundamentals.
The first module aims at supplying the basic aspects of thermal and hydraulic machines, with specific reference to: constructive aspects, operation principles, thermodynamic and fluidynamic laws, needed for a correct evaluation of performance and off-design operations of the single machine and of the energy system in which it is integrated. The second module presents and analyzes fluid power components and basic systems, in terms of their symbolic representation, layout, constructive and operational features.
For those who will attend the second level degree courses, the acquired notions and skills will constitute also the base for subsequent mastery through the specializing courses.

Through the systematic application of the thermo-fluid-dynamics principles to energy systems and their components, the module provides the students with the ability to choose turbomachines, engines, fluid-power systems and engineering-plant solutions in relation to their applications.

The basic knowledge achieved in Thermodynamics, Thermo-kinetics, Applied Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics is required, with the awareness of concepts covered in Physics and 3D modeling.

Fundamental of thermal and hydraulic machines
• Introduction to fluid machines. Thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics applied to fluid machines. Velocity diagrams, Euler work equation.
• 1D theory of compressible flows: nozzles and diffusers. Design of a nozzle, off-design performance.
• Steam power plants. Co-generative steam plants.
• 1-D analysis of turbine stages.
• Axial and radial turbocompressor.
• Gas turbine plants. Combined vapor-gas turbine plants.
• Hydraulic pumps.

Fundamental of fluid power
• Introduction to fluid power: advantages and drawbacks.
• ISO 1219-1 regulation: nomenclature and symbols.
• Operating principles for directional control valves, pressure control valves and flow control valves.
• Function blocks.
• Flow generating groups.
• Hydraulic pumps and motors.
• Valves architecture.

The course is made up of lectures and applied lectures. The applied lectures consist of exercises meant to further deepen the understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures.

References
• M.J. Moran, H.N. Shapiro, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons.
• S.L. Dixon, C.A. Hall, “Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, 6th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier.
• Lecture Slides

Required material
Mollier diagram for steam (“Diagramma entalpico per il vapor d’acqua”), CLUT Eds. To be procured by the student.
Saturation lines tables for steam. Provided by the teacher.

The exam booking on the web portal, within the deadline, is mandatory.
The exam is made up of a written test on the Fundamental of thermal and hydraulic machines related topics and of an oral test. The oral test might be dealing with both the Fundamental of thermal and hydraulic machines as well as the Fundamental of fluid power related topics (see below). The final mark is an average of the marks achieved for the two course parts. The average is weighted on the credits pertaining to each part, i.e. 0.6 and 0.4 roughly.
Both exam parts have to be sat within the same official call.

Written test (duration: 2 h 30 min)
The student is asked to solve 2 exercises featuring a difficulty level similar to that of the exercises proposed during the applied lectures. Each exercise sums up for 15 points out of 30.
During the written test, the student are allowed to use a scientific calculator, the steam Mollier chart, the saturation tables as well as scraps, notes and books. The use of notebooks, smart phones, cell phones or any other electronic device is strictly forbidden. Should any candidate use any un-authorized electronic devices (regardless if it is switched on or off, online or offline), he/she will be immediately withdrawn from the exam.
The paper sheets for the exam will be provided by the teacher. Each sheet has to be returned at the scheduled hand-in time or at the exam withdrawal.
The candidate can withdraw from the written test at any time up to the hand-in time. In this case, the exam failure will not be registered. Once the written test has been corrected, the exam will be registered with either a positive or negative result.
Any candidate who is not satisfied with the written test result can ask to be failed before the oral start.

Oral test
The oral test on the Fundamental of thermal and hydraulic machines part can be either optional or mandatory, depending on the outcomes from the written one. The oral test is mandatory if the score of the written test is either comprised between 15 and 18/30 or if it falls within 24 and 30/30. If the score of the written test falls within 18 and 23/30 the oral is optional and the students can decide on whether to sit it. The oral test on the Fundamental of fluid power is mandatory. The overall mark is the average between the written and the oral test scores.

The exam is passed provided that a minimum score of 18/30 is achieved in both parts.