The aim of the course is to provide the to provide the fundamental knowledge concerning momentum, mass and energy trasport phenomena and the basic tools for the design and the operation of chemical reactors. The main types of homogeneous reactors are presented and their performance (conversion, yield and selectivity) are expressed as functions of the operating conditions.

Expected competences are:
- Mass, momentum and energy conservation laws, macroscopic and differential balance equations.
- Momentum transport: fluid statics and fluid dynamics.
- Heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation.
- Mass transfer: molecular and turbolent diffusion .
- Analogy between the transport phenomena, heat and mass transfer coefficients, friction factors.
- Kinetics of homogeneous, enzymatic and microbiological chemical processes ;
- Mass and energy conservation principles in reactive systems;
- Non ideal flow models for continuous reactors and residence time distribution
- Application of model equations to the design of reactors and to kinetic investigation.

Skills to be achieved
- Phenomenological and analitycal analysis of transport phenomena by global and local balance equations.
- Evaluation of momentum, heat and mass transfer kinetics in ideal systems.
- Reactor choice and identification of the optimal operating conditions on the basis of the chemical process features;

Basic integral and differential calculus.

Integral properties balances: terms of the balance equations; mass and molar balance, reaction rate, momentum balance in fluid systems, energy balances (entalpy,Bernoullli's relations).
Molecular transport phenomena in ideal gas phases,Fick's law, Fourier law and Newton law, transport properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity), reology, turbolence.
Elements of fluid's mechanics: static fluids: Stevin law, mechanical stress on containers, buoyant force; fluid dynamics and momentum transfer: share stress, laminar flow in ducts, friction factor, local and distributed energy losses; flow around solid bodies.
Heat transfer: condution in solids; heat convection, heat transfer coefficients, analogies between transport phenomena; thermal radiation: absorption and emission of radiant energy, emissivity, Kirchoff's law, the black body, Lambert's law, emission spectrum, Planck's and Wien's relations, radiation transfer between black and grey bodies, view factors.
Mass transfer: mass and molar flux, diffusion in binary systems, interphase mass transfer: mass transfer coefficient, film and penetration theories, global driving force and coefficient.
Local balances: Lagrange's and Euler's approaches, terms od local balances equations, continuity equation, local momentum balance, share stress tensor, Navier-Stokes equations; local energy balances, local mass balances in multicomponent systems.
Variables and kinetic equations: reaction rate, conversion, selectivity and yield; kinetics of homogeneous chemical processes, reaction order, Arrhenius law.
Ideal chemical reactors: perfectly mixed batch reactor: conversion vs. time in isothermal conditions, optimal productivity, adiabatic temperature rise, conversion and temperature vs. time; PFR: local mass balance, conversion in isothermal systems, local energy balance, axial profiles of conversion and temperature in adiabatic and non-adiabatic systems; CSTR: conversion in steady state, stability and multiplicity.
Hybrid systems: tubular reactor with recycled flow, cascade of CSTRs.
Continuous reactors with non-ideal fluid dynamics: models for tubular reactors: axial dispersion, bidimensional model; models for mixed reactors: stagnant zones, by-pass, two-parameter models; residence times distribution: distribution functions, tracers, parameter estimation, micro and macro.fluids;
Selectivity and yield in chemical reactors with multiple reactions: parallel and consecutive reactions, optimal operating conditions.
Temperature optimisation for reversible exothermic processes: optimala and equilibrium temperatures, tubular reactors with intercoolers.
Run-away in chemical reactors: run-away phenomenology, MTSR and TMR, run-awayreactions, risk classification.
Reactors for enzymatic processes: Michaelis-Menten kinetic, kinetic constants estimate, influence of operating conditions (temperature and pH), enzymatic processes in continuous and batch reactors, competitive and non-competitive inhibition phenomena.
Reactors for microbiological processes (6 hours): Monod kinetics, stoichiometry and mass balance, biomass growth in batch and continuous reactors, kinetic constants estimate, operative plots, biomass washout in a CSTR, product inhibition.

Handouts are available on the web page of the course.
Reference books:
- Transport Phenomena / R.B. Bird et al. - New York: Wiley, 2002
- Chemical Reaction Engineering / O. Levenspiel - J. Wiley & Sons, 1999

Written test in two parts. The first part consists of theoretical questions, the second one in calculation exercises.