The course is taught in English.

This course gives students the basics of analog electronics that will be used in the following modules.
Circuits models of active devices are introduced and their properties studied in elementary stage.
The use of many stages and their interconnections to build amplifiers is shown and feedback concept analyzed, pointing out its properties and benefits.
A significant part of the program is devoted to the study of measurements, starting from the estimation of uncertainty up to the use of basic laboratory instrumentation. A lot of lab session is reserved to practice with modern laboratory instrumentation.

By the end of this class, a student shall know active device models, elementary analog amplifier topologies and amplifiers using feedback. He or she will understand the effects of feedback on amplifier gain and impedances. After this class a student will be able to analyze simple amplifiers made of discrete devices, finding bias points, transfer functions and impedances, by means of a fair number of different analysis tools, both using a simulator and by hand calculation. In addition students shall be able to use the most common instruments present in a laboratory and to evaluate the instrument uncertainty.

Student will be able to:
- Find bias point for bjt and mos-based amplifiers
- Calculating the small signal circuit for active devices
- Recognize the feedback topology and evaluate its effects on a circuit
- Find transfer functions and network impedances
- Choose the most convenient method to analyze an analog circuit
- Know the basics of the measurement theory and of the uncertainty propagation according to the deterministic model
- Estimate the uncertainty of a measurement according to the deterministic model.
- Use of the basic laboratory instrumentation
- Use the common laboratory instrumentation

Math: proficient use of a scientific pocket calculator. Derivatives, Integrals, Taylor's and Fourier's series. Complex arithmetic. Numerical solution of linear and nonlinear systems of equations.
Circuit theory: solution of linear network both in time and frequency domain. Bode's diagrams, symbolic calculus.
Electronic devices: constitutive equations of diodes, BJTs and MOS.
Physics I and II, dimensional analysis.

Mathematical models and equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOS for large adn small signal. Different levels of model details.
Bias: basic circuits for BJTs and MOS bias. Stability evaluation by means of sensitivity functions. (1,4 CFU)

BJT and MOS amplifiers. Load line, choice of quiescent point. Amplifier classes and power efficiency. Small signal amplifiers: fundamental topologies, voltage and current gains. Input and output impedances. (1,2 CFU)

Multistage amplifiers. Impedances and transfer functions in circuits with reactive components. Frequency response (0,8 CFU)

Feedback: classification and effects. Evaluation of closed loop gains and impedances. Rosenstark's and Blackman's theorems.
High frequency behavior of active devices: models and performances. Cut off frequency (1 CFU)

Methods for evaluating transfer functions and impedances: Miller, Driving Point Impedance, Z parameters, Extra Element Theorem, open circuit time constants, General Feedback Theorem (1,6 CFU)

Measurement uncertainty and their propagation (deterministic method) (0.2 units)
Analog scope: CRT, synchronization and trigger. Input equivalent circuit of a scope: bandwidth and probes (1.4 units).
DC voltmeters, electromechanical and electronics. Noise rejection and uncertainty. Equivalent Circuit and load effects (0.6 units).
Measure of resistances with Ammeter Voltmeter method. Evaluation of uncertainty in simple circuits (0.6 units)

Lab exercises on the use of basic instrumentation and uncertainty estimation in typical lab measurements
Digital simulation of simple circuits and possibly their lab implementation and test.

Sedra , Smith : Microelectronic Circuits, 6th Ed. Oxford University Press,

Class notes and examples of worked problems on available on the class website.

Final exam consists of a written part (4hrs) and an oral part (1hr).
Written test: first section closed books, 30 min, with 5 short questions about both subjects (measurements and electronics). Second section open books including numerical solution of problems about measurements and circuits. If neither the electronics nor the measurement section is grossly insufficient, student is admitted to the oral exam, 30 minutes with each instructor. Oral weights for about half of the final grade. A single grade is issued for both subjects.