Very interdisciplinary course, which builds the bridge between theoretical and practical skills offered in a number of different courses and teaches the student to interact with the physical world in its complexity adopting the simplest possible models compatible with the level of uncertainty imposed by the need to take viable engineering decisions.

- Knowledge of general Metrology concepts, in particular for what concerns uncertainty in measurements and in the realization of reference standards for physical quantities.
- Knowledge of uncertainty evaluation and specification techniques, and ability to apply them in measurement problems.
- Knowledge of electronic measurement instrumentation and ability to select the most suitable tools in practical situations, by identifying their relevant features toward the achievement of a target uncertainty and/or a feasibility judgement.

Basic courses in Electronics, Physics, Calculus and Signal processing

Metrology (1 CFU)
- Reference Units and Standards for electromagnetics and Time and Frequency
- Type A and Type B Uncertainty evaluation, propagation and discussion

Time and Frequency measurements (3 CFU)
- Frequency and Time Interval counters
- Frequency sources: oscillators and synthesizers. Short term and long term stability, spectral purity, accuracy. Role of resonators and Q factor. Phase Locked Loops.
- Analog and digital spectrum analyzers

Voltage and Current measurements (1,5 CFU)
- Oscilloscopes and probes. Loading errors and bandwidth
- Uncertainties from non-ideality of electronic components
- AC to DC conversion. Testers and multimeters. DC voltmeters. ADC and DAC converters
- Vector voltmeter
Impedance measurements (1,5 CFU)
- Voltamperometric, substitution, and bridge methods. Linearized bridge. Four terminal measurements. Resistive sensor interfacing. Stain gauges and Pt100
- Q-meter. Vector impedance meters and network analyzers
Electrical power measurements (1 CFU)
- Travelling power and dissipated power. Available power
- True rms voltmeter. Bolometric bridge. Electronic wattmeter. Thermal wattmeter

Three experimental laboratory sessions (3 hours each) on Time and Frequency measurements, Impedance measurements and Resistive sensors interfacing.

Classroom exercises under supervision on uncertainty and exam type problems.

E.O.Doebelin: Measurement Systems - Mc Graw Hill

De Marchi- Lo Presti: Incertezze di Misura - CLUT
Rubiola - De Marchi - Leschiutta: Esercizi di Misure Elettriche ed Elettroniche - CLUT

Copy of slides, examples and exercises available on the web portal.

The final examination consists in a written test composed of two parts: one contains simple exercises and closed and/or open questions and the other consisting in problems on the instrument use and on uncertainty propagation in indirect measurements. Regardless from the final score, students must reach a minimum score of 15/30 in each section to pass the exam. In the first exam session after the end of the course, the students can ask the teacher to evaluate the laboratory reports that may be used to increase to final score up to 4/30. The teacher reserves the right to orally question students in the case of doubts on the written exam and/or on the reports.