The module aims at providing the students of Automotive Engineering with specific knowledge of light- and heavy-duty automotive internal combustion engines. As a first step, an overview of the basic concepts developed within the module “Thermal Machines” will be carried out. Furthermore, the design aspects of internal combustion engines and their apparatus and how they operate will be considered. The last part of the course is relative to the specific knowledge of the application of the internal combustion engine to the vehicle.

Knowledge of engine architecture as well as operating and control features in the configurations used for light- and heavy-duty engines. Ability to carry out predictive calculations of engine performance and to work on preliminary designs for the main engine components. Ability to identify the parameters that influence the trade-off between performance, fuel consumption and engine emissions. Familiarity with engine cooling systems, the general layout of the engine compartment, the evaluation of fuel consumption and vehicle performance and their dependence on engine, gearbox and vehicle parameters, the main control strategies implemented in the engine management system in order to optimize the function of the engine and the vehicle.

The knowledge acquired through the course of Thermal Machines is required, along with the basic notions of Thermodynamics and Thermokinetics, Applied Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics.

PART A: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - Engine operation: inlet processes in four-stroke and two-stroke engines; control parameters. - Valvetrain functional analysis - Fundamental concepts of combustion in spark-ignition engines: fuels; cyclic variations, partial burning and misfiring; abnormal combustion. - Fundamental concepts of combustion in compression-ignition engines: fuels; spray; ignition delay; premixed and mixing-controlled burning. - Intake and exhaust systems in four-stroke engines; two-stroke cycle scavenging flows and port arrangements; supercharging with specific reference to turbo-charging. - Fuel metering systems in spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines. - Lubrication and cooling: lubrication and cooling systems and their requirements. PART B: APPLICATION TO THE VEHICLE B.1 Vehicle thermal management Objectives and overview of engine cooling system. Definition of ATB (air to boil) index. Descriptions of the components of the engine cooling system for conventional vehicles. Requirements and innovations about advanced cooling systems for conventional vehicles. HVAC system. Requirements and configurations of thermal management for hybrid electric vehicles. B.2 Propulsion system installation in the vehicle. Powertrain configurations and positioning inside the engine and vehicle compartments. Exhaust and intake line positioning inside the engine compartment and along the vehicle Installation of air mass flow-meter and heat exchangers. B.3 Engine-vehicle matching. Review of longitudinal vehicle dynamics base equation; evaluation of total running resistance of the vehicle by analytical equations and by the experimental coastdown method; performance index of the vehicle; analytical model for the fuel consumption prediction starting from the engine steady-state maps; engine vehicle matching criteria to comply with the vehicle design targets with special concern to the consumption-performance trade-off. B.4 Application of engine management system to the vehicle. Purpose and overview of the engine management system; description of the sensors and actuators that interface with the ECU (electronic control unit); main strategies and algorithms of the engine control management.

The course is made up of lectures, applied lectures and laboratories. The applied lectures consist of calculations meant to further deepen the understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures. The laboratories are related to: - disassembly and re-assembly of an internal combustion four-stroke engine; - experimental tests on the dynamometric rig of the Politecnico di Torino; - lab at FCA climatic and aerodynamic wind tunnels: description of the experimental tests performed on the vehicles to evaluated ATB indices.

Slides in pdf format are provided through the course web page. The reference book is: - J.B. Heywood: “Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals”, McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition, 2018. For further details and reading students may consult the following books: - R. Basshuysen, F. Schäfer, “Internal Combustion Engine Handbook”, SAE International, 2nd edition, 2016. - G. Ferrari: “Motori a combustione interna”, Esculapio, 2nd edition, 2016. - G. Lechner, H Naunheimer, “Automotive Transmissions – Fundamentals, Selection, Design and Applications”, Springer, 2nd edition, 2011. - N. Watson, M. S. Janota, “Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine”, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1982. - Bosch Professional Automotive Information: “Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics”, 5th Edition, Springer, 2007. - Bosch Professional Automotive Information: “Diesel-Engine Management”, Springer 2014. - Bosch Professional Automotive Information: “Gasoline-Engine Management”, Springer 2015.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Elaborato scritto prodotto in gruppo;

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Group essay;

... The final examination aims at checking and verifying that the expected learning outcomes (detailed in the specific box above) have been achieved. The exam is generally only in the written form. However, the professor only can decide that an additional oral test is necessary to pass the exam. The final mark will be a weighted average of the reports of the applied lectures, the written examination and the possible additional oral test. To take part to the exam it is necessary: - to submit the applied lecture reports for correction before the exam (the deadlines for the submission will be given during the course). Once the applied works are handed in, they will be corrected and will be evaluated for the final score. It is not possible to send a second version of the applied works. - to book through the web site of the course. The written exam can be taken according to one of the following options. Option A: multiple choice questions (MCQ) and open questions (OQ). The maximum possible mark is 30/30. Option B: multiple choice questions (MCQ) only. The maximum possible mark is 24/30. Each student has to decide the preferred option for the written exam. MCQ test (approx. time 40 min) will have 15-18 questions: correct answer: 2 points not answered: 0 points wrong answer: -0.5 points Some MCQ can be related to simple problems (in this case the use of the calculator is allowed). If the mark of MCQ is < 18 the exam is failed and OQ test (if taken) will not be corrected. OQ (approx. time 1 hour) test will have 2 questions and each of them can have several sub points to discuss possibly also with graphs or equations. Material needed to attend the written exam: pen, student card. The calculator (not the mobile phone) can be possibly used, if specified by the professor.

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.