The course is composed of two modules, the first of which concerns with the fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines, whereas the second one deals with fluid-power fundamentals. The first module aims at supplying the basic aspects of thermal and hydraulic machines, with specific reference to: constructive aspects, operation principles, thermodynamic and fluidynamic laws, needed for a correct evaluation of performance and off-design operations of the single machine and of the energy system in which it is integrated. The second module presents and analyzes fluid power components and basic systems, in terms of their symbolic representation, layout, constructive and operational features. For those who will attend the second level degree courses, the acquired notions and skills will constitute also the base for subsequent mastery through the specializing courses.

1. Knowledge and understanding of the basic thermo-fluid-dynamics principles and of the basic aspects of energy systems, engineering-plant solutions, thermal&hydraulic machines and fluid power systems and components. 2. Application of the thermo-fluid-dynamics principles to the energy systems and their components, in order to design and analyze the performance of engineering-plant solutions, thermal machines, hydraulic machines and fluid power systems and components. 3. Ability to choose thermal machines, hydraulic machines, engineering-plant solutions and fluid-power systems in relation to their applications. 4. Ability to graphically represent the main fluid power systems and components according to the ISO 1219-1 International Standard, and to interpret fluid power schemes.

The basic knowledge achieved in Thermodynamics, Thermo-kinetics, Applied Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics is required, with the awareness of concepts covered in Physics and 3D modeling.

Fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines • Introduction to fluid machines. • Thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics applied to fluid machines. • Velocity diagrams, Euler work equation. • 1D theory of compressible flows: nozzles and diffusers. Design of a nozzle, off-design performance. • Steam power plants. Co-generative steam plants. • 1D analysis of turbine stages. • Axial and radial turbo-compressors. • Gas turbine plants. Combined vapor-gas turbine plants. • Hydraulic pumps. Fundamentals of fluid power • Introduction to fluid power: advantages and drawbacks. • ISO 1219-1 regulation: nomenclature and symbols. • Operating principles for directional control valves, pressure control valves and flow control valves. • Function blocks. • Flow generating groups. • Hydraulic pumps and motors. • Valves architecture.

The course is made up of lectures, applied lectures and activities in the class. The applied lectures consist of exercises of medium/high difficulty meant to further deepen the understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures. These exercises will be mainly solved by the teacher. Activities in the class are intended to promote active learning, and consist in simple exercises solved by the students in the class. By means of activities, the students can verify the degree of understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures, and can improve their ability to apply those concepts in order to solve simple problems.

References • M.J. Moran, H.N. Shapiro, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons. • S.L. Dixon, C.A. Hall, “Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, 6th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier. • Lecture Slides • Exercise book (optional): C. Dongiovanni, D. Misul, “Exercises on Thermal and Hydraulic Machines”, CLUT Eds, Torino. Required material Mollier diagram for steam (“Diagramma entalpico per il vapor d’acqua”), CLUT Eds. To be procured by the student. Saturation lines tables for steam. Provided by the teacher.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria; Prova orale facoltativa;

Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Optional oral exam;

... The exam booking on the web portal, within the deadline, is mandatory. The exam is made up of a written test and of an oral test, which may be either optional or mandatory depending on the score of the written test. Written test (duration: about 4 h) The written test is made up of two parts: - The first part (duration: 45-60 minutes) is constituted by 17-18 multiple choice questions. This part will mainly deal with the theoretical topics of the course, however some questions may require the solution of quick numerical exercises. Each question with correct answer is assigned 2 points, each question without answer is assigned 0 points, each question with a wrong answer is assigned -0.5 points. The maximum score of the first part is 30/30. The first part is intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcome n. 1. - In the second part (duration: 2.5 - 3h), the student is asked to solve exercises featuring a difficulty level similar to that of the exercises proposed during the applied lectures. The second part is intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcomes n. 2-4. The exam is failed if the score of the first part of the written test is lower than 18/30 or if the score of the second part of the written test is lower than 15/30. The final score of the written test is a weighted average of the scores achieved for the two parts (the weights are 0.3 for the first part and 0.7 for the second part). During the written test, the students are only allowed to use a scientific calculator, the steam Mollier chart and the saturation tables. A formulary is also provided by the teacher for the second part of the written test. The use of notes, books, notebooks, smart phones, cell phones or any other electronic device is strictly forbidden. Should any candidate use any un-authorized electronic devices (regardless of whether it is switched on or off, online or offline), he/she will be immediately withdrawn from the exam. The paper sheets for the exam will be provided by the teacher. Each sheet has to be returned at the scheduled hand-in time or at the exam withdrawal. The candidate can withdraw from the written test at any time up to the hand-in time. In this case, the exam failure will not be registered. Once the written test has been corrected, the exam will be registered with either a positive or negative result. Any candidate who is not satisfied with the written test result can ask to be failed before the oral start. Oral test The oral test can be either optional or mandatory, depending on the outcomes from the written one, according to teacher's discretion. In case the student sits for the oral test, the overall mark is the average between the written and the oral test scores.

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.