The course is composed of two modules, the first of which concerns with the fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines, whereas the second one deals with fluid-power fundamentals. The first module aims at supplying the basic aspects of thermal and hydraulic machines, with specific reference to: constructive aspects, operation principles, thermodynamic and fluidynamic laws, needed for a correct evaluation of performance and off-design operations of the single machine and of the energy system in which it is integrated. The second module presents and analyzes fluid power components and basic systems, in terms of their symbolic representation, layout, constructive and operational features. For those who will attend the second level degree courses, the acquired notions and skills will constitute also the base for subsequent mastery through the specializing courses.

1. Knowledge and understanding of the basic thermo-fluid-dynamics principles and of the basic aspects of energy systems, engineering-plant solutions, thermal&hydraulic machines and fluid power systems and components. 2. Application of the thermo-fluid-dynamics principles to the energy systems and their components, in order to design and analyze the performance of engineering-plant solutions, thermal machines, hydraulic machines and fluid power systems and components. 3. Ability to choose thermal machines, hydraulic machines, engineering-plant solutions and fluid-power systems in relation to their applications. 4. Ability to graphically represent the main fluid power systems and components according to the ISO 1219-1 International Standard, and to interpret fluid power schemes.

The basic knowledge achieved in Thermodynamics, Thermo-kinetics, Applied Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics is required, with the awareness of concepts covered in Physics and 3D modeling.

Fundamentals of thermal and hydraulic machines • Introduction to fluid machines. • Thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics applied to fluid machines. • Velocity diagrams, Euler work equation. • 1D theory of compressible flows: nozzles and diffusers. Design of a nozzle, off-design performance. • Steam power plants. Co-generative steam plants. • 1D analysis of turbine stages. • Axial and radial turbo-compressors. • Gas turbine plants. Combined vapor-gas turbine plants. • Hydraulic pumps. Fundamentals of fluid power • Introduction to fluid power: advantages and drawbacks. • ISO 1219-1 regulation: nomenclature and symbols. • Operating principles for directional control valves, pressure control valves and flow control valves. • Function blocks. • Flow generating groups. • Hydraulic pumps and motors. • Valves architecture.

The course is made up of lectures, applied lectures and activities in the class. The applied lectures consist of exercises of medium/high difficulty meant to further deepen the understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures. These exercises will be mainly solved by the teacher. Activities in the class are intended to promote active learning, and consist in simple exercises solved by the students in the class. By means of activities, the students can verify the degree of understanding of the concepts dealt with within the lectures, and can improve their ability to apply those concepts in order to solve simple problems.

References • M.J. Moran, H.N. Shapiro, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons. • S.L. Dixon, C.A. Hall, “Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, 6th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier. • Lecture Slides • Exercise book (optional): C. Dongiovanni, D. Misul, “Exercises on Thermal and Hydraulic Machines”, CLUT Eds, Torino. Required material Mollier diagram for steam (“Diagramma entalpico per il vapor d’acqua”), CLUT Eds. To be procured by the student. Saturation lines tables for steam. Provided by the teacher.

Modalità di esame: Prova orale facoltativa; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam booking on the web portal, within the deadline, is mandatory. The exam is made up of a written test. The oral test is optional. The test is constituted by 17 multiple choice questions and 1 exercise and its duration is 1h55 mins. The multiple choice questions (which require about 50 mins-1h) mainly deal with the theoretical topics of the course, however some questions will require the solution of quick numerical exercises. Each question with correct answer is assigned 1.5 points, each question without answer is assigned 0 points, each question with a wrong answer is assigned -0.375 points. The questions are mainly intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcome n. 1. The exercise (which requires about 40-50 mins) can deal with any of the topics of the course (including thermal and hydraulic machine topics and fluid power topics). The maximum score of the exercise is 8 points. The exercise is intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcomes n. 2-4. The maximum score of the written test is 33.5/30 (which is saturated at 30/30). The exam is FAILED if the score of the written test is lower than 18. During the written test, the students are only allowed to use a scientific calculator (not programmable), a pen, some blank papers in order to do the calculations for the exercises, the printed simplified steam Mollier chart provided by the teacher, the printed steam tables and the printed formulary provided by the teacher on the teaching portal. The use of written notes, books, slides, smartphones or any other electronic device (pads) is strictly forbidden. Any misconduct will lead to the annulment of the exam. The candidate can withdraw from the written test or hand in only after that 50% of the total available time has passed. If the candidate withdraws, the exam failure will not be registered. Once the written test has been corrected, the exam will be registered with either a positive or negative result. Oral test The oral test is in general optional. However, an oral test may be required by the teacher on the basis of the outcomes from the written test,. In case the student sits for the oral test, the overall mark is the average between the written and the oral test scores.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam booking on the web portal, within the deadline, is mandatory. The exam is made up of a written test. The oral test is optional. The test is constituted by 17 multiple choice questions and 1 exercise and its duration is 1h55 mins. The multiple choice questions (which require about 50 mins-1h) mainly deal with the theoretical topics of the course, however some questions will require the solution of quick numerical exercises. Each question with correct answer is assigned 1.5 points, each question without answer is assigned 0 points, each question with a wrong answer is assigned -0.375 points. The questions are mainly intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcome n. 1. The exercise (which requires about 40-50 mins) can deal with any of the topics of the course (including thermal and hydraulic machine topics and fluid power topics). The maximum score of the exercise is 8 points. The exercise is intended to verify the acquisition of the learning outcomes n. 2-4. The maximum score of the written test is 33.5/30 (which is saturated at 30/30). The exam is FAILED if the score of the written test is lower than 18. During the written test, the students are only allowed to use a scientific calculator (not programmable), a pen, some blank papers in order to do the calculations for the exercises, the printed simplified steam Mollier chart provided by the teacher, the printed steam tables and the printed formulary provided by the teacher on the teaching portal. The use of written notes, books, slides, smartphones or any other electronic device (pads) is strictly forbidden. Any misconduct will lead to the annulment of the exam. The candidate can withdraw from the written test or hand in only after that 50% of the total available time has passed. If the candidate withdraws, the exam failure will not be registered. Once the written test has been corrected, the exam will be registered with either a positive or negative result. Oral test The oral test is in general optional. However, an oral test may be required by the teacher on the basis of the outcomes from the written test,. In case the student sits for the oral test, the overall mark is the average between the written and the oral test scores.