The course aims at providing to the students the fundamental concepts of the electrical energy conversion systems employed in transportation electrification, with a particular focus on hybrid and electrical vehicles. The systems under study will be the electrical drives for powertrains (traction battery, inverter, eMotor) and the battery charging systems along with the related infrastructure for the connection of the vehicles to the grid. The electrical motors belong to the new generations of eMotors dedicated to electrical traction, such as surface mount permanent magnet motors (SMPM), induction motors (IM), internal permanent magnet motors (IPM), and PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PM-SyR). Using a systemic approach, the course will focus on energetic simulation models of all elements of a powertrain able to consider the efficiency maps of each element and the specific limitations acting on the generated torque. The course will provide also the basic concepts of vector control of traction drives, along with testing techniques to obtain efficiency maps and torque production maps.

• Capability to understand the structure of a traction electrical drive consisting of battery, power electronic converters and electrical machines. • Ability to compare different electric drive solutions based on different motor technologies. • Ability to provide the right specifications for the components of an electrical powertrain, according to the vehicle specifications. • Capacity to develop or use proper simulation models for the simulation of power converters and eMotors that must be embedded in larger vehicle models. • Capacity to set up properly the testing procedures of electrical components of a powertrain to get efficiency maps and torque production maps.

Fundamentals in electrical circuits, electrical machines, automatic control or the basic concepts in systems theory.

• Introduction: general description of an electric drive • Power electronic devices used in power electronic converters • Basic operation principles of a switch-mode power electronic converter. Canonical commutation cell. • DC/DC converters for eMobility. • DC / AC converters (inverters) for eMobility. • Electrical motor solutions for eMobility: induction motor, synchronous reluctance motor, internal permanent magnet motor • Fundamental concepts of vector control for AC motors fed by inverters • Vector control of eDrives: design of the drive control loops (current/torque, speed) • Implementation issues of high performance vector control of eMotors: Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), Maximum Torque per Volt (MTPV), torque estimation, computation of maximum torque according to the voltage and current limits • Advanced testing of eDrives. • Battery chargers: on-board and off-board solutions.

In addition to classroom lectures presenting theoretical concepts, the following exercise activities are planned: • Battery modeling and simulation using solutions available on electrical vehicles. • Inverter simulation using circuital models and dynamic average models. • Laboratory exercise on a three-phase inverter. • Electrical motors modeling and simulation. • Laboratory exercise on an eMotor fed by inverter and using torque control. • Laboratory exercise on efficiency measurements on a eDrive.

• Ned Mohan, Tore Undeland, Tim Robbins, "Elettronica di Potenza", Edizioni Hoepli • Rashid, M. H., 'Elettronica di Potenza', Prentice Hall • Ali Emadi, "Advanced Electric Drive Systems", CRC Press, 2014.

Modalitΰ di esame: Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Exam: Computer-based written test with open-ended questions or multiple-choice questions using the Exam platform and proctoring tools (Respondus); Group project; The exam consists of a written test of 150 minutes, containing multiple choice questions (24 points) and three fast numerical computations (6 points). During the exam, the use of books, notes or equivalent materials is not allowed. In addition, during the teaching students will be given a report to be elaborated at home, regarding the sizing of an electric drive and the design of the its torque control scheme. The report is rated up to 30 points. The final score is calculated as the weighted arithmetic mean between the written test (80%) and the score obtained for the report (20%). The rules of examination are described and discussed during the introductory class.

Modalitΰ di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Exam: Group essay; Computer-based written test with open-ended questions or multiple-choice questions using the Exam platform and proctoring tools (Respondus); The exam consists of a written test of 150 minutes, containing multiple choice questions (24 points) and three fast numerical computations (6 points). During the exam, the use of books, notes or equivalent materials is not allowed. In addition, during the teaching students will be given a report to be elaborated at home, regarding the sizing of an electric drive and the design of the its torque control scheme. The report is rated up to 30 points. The final score is calculated as the weighted arithmetic mean between the written test (80%) and the score obtained for the report (20%). The rules of examination are described and discussed during the introductory class.