The integrated course aims to investigate and deepen the relationship between the shape of the building envelope, the environmental and climate variable and the building performance, in the context of a bioclimatic and sustainable design approach. The course is aimed to deliver - by means of a multi-disciplinary approach - knowledge and skills about parametric modelling in synergy with the applications of environmental analysis tools. The module is articulated in two complementary parts of lectures / seminars on one side and practical workshop guided by the teacher / trainer. The subject of building envelope rationalisation is introduced in the first part of the module (double skin facades, complex shaped building envelopes), together with the performance based design approach. The main objectives are, on one side, to learn methods of rationalizing complex surfaces and volumes with panelisation techniques, while on the other to learn how the environmental performance of the built environment can be represented by synthetic parameters (i.e. climate analysis, energy uses, indoor environmental quality etc.). The second part of the module is focused on the application of the above mentioned methods and approaches by means of tools and plug-ins, enabling the evaluation of building environmental performance and integrated in a parametric design approach. The parametric modelling focuses on the following parameters: climate and irradiation analysis, outdoor ventilation and comfort, modelling of building envelope thermo-optical performance; and on the following technologies: complex shading systems, transparent facades, building integrated photovoltaics, dynamic building envelopes, etc.

- Knowledge: the student shall develop his/her own autonomous judgement towards design choices, and be able to convey the potentials and the critical points of the proposed design solutions, in contrast to traditional design procedure, based on non interoperable design tools. - Skills: the student shall demonstrate at the end of the module to master an multi-disciplinary approach and perspective to the subject, designing solutions to the proposed design challenges. Moreover each student shall be able to communicate and document, by means of digital tools, the results of the design and the design workflow and choices.

In order to attend the module, it is necessary to apply all previous knowledge, acquired during the Bachelor degree courses, related to general principles and fundamentals of architectural technology, building physics, architectural drawing and modelling.

[Parametric modelling] The contribution to the taught module is focused on methodologies and tools for the analysis and the design of complex surfaces, with a particular focus on double curvature shapes. The translation of complex shapes into technically feasible design options is investigated by means of drawing and modelling methodologies, by passing from a continuous shape to discrete surfaces: the continuous model is created by means of mathematical tools which enable the concept design of the architectural envelope; the discretisation of this continuous shape is a first step towards the technical feasibility of this concept. After the first concept investigations, the model is adopted as a base to develop the design and compare the design options, according to different technical perspectives. In detail this part of the module will provide the theoretical and technical basis for nurbs and mesh modelling; it will teach the fundamentals to understand concepts such as the curvature and the possibility to develop curved complex surfaces; it will direct the student towards learning methods for the discretisation of continuous surfaces into discrete panels. Moreover algorithmic digital methods for size optimisation of the paneling and clustering of similar shapes will be introduced. Finally the relationship between Building Information Modeling and algorithmic design will be studied, from the perspective of translating a shape from the concept to a building model. [Building Technology] The discipline is oriented to the definition of the parametric design process both in a meta-design key, through the definition of the demanding-performance framework, and through the design of the construction detail. In particular, in the first part of the course, some environmental and technological requirements to be integrated into the parametric model of the building will be examined in depth, aimed at microclimatic well-being, safety and resistance to external agents, maintainability and durability, and aesthetics. Some topics for the design of the building envelope will be introduced, such as: the choice of cladding materials; the dimensional and morphological characteristics of the building elements in relation to their implementation and use phase; the integration of responsive and active systems in the building envelope; the methods of assembly and disassembly along the life cycle of the building (construction, replacement and end of life). In the second part of the course, passing from the concept to the construction stage, the contribution of technology is addressed to the pre-feasibility of the dynamic model through the elaboration of the technological detail of the facade to meet the needs of functional and dimensional integration. [Building Physics] The building physics part of the module is oriented towards the mastering of analysis methods and procedures to evaluate the performance of complex building envelopes, to support and integrated the architectural design, with the aim to improve the energy performance and the environmental quality of the design environment / building. To this aim the module will focus on the analysis of the external climate, the parametric building physics modelling of building envelope, and of the environmental analysis of the building. By means of building performance simulation tools, the influence of building envelope design parameters on the environmental performance will be studied (i.e. solar radiation on external surface, outdoor comfort, building energy performance, visual comfort etc.). [Tools] Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, environmental analysis plug-ins, BIM software, clustering and panelisation plugins.

The module, within its taught subjects, is divided into three main teaching tools: ● lectures - in which it is taught the theoretical concepts and approach, which will be applied on design case studies; ● workshops - focused on the application of the methods and tools for the design of complex building envelopes; ● tutoring - time dedicated to help the students with issues related to the applications of methods taught on their specific projects. Intermediate project reviews are planned, in order to verify students’ knowledge and its correct application within the single subjects of the module. The final multi-disciplinary exam will focus on the evaluation of the student capability to analyse and design architectural building envelopes by using the technical and theoretical skills taught in this module on a specific case study application.

Calvano, M., Disegno digitale esplicito. Rappresentazioni responsive dell’architettura e della città. Aracne 2019. Tedeschi, A. AAD, Algorithms-aided Design: Parametric Strategies Using Grasshopper. Le Penseur Publisher, 2014 IDES-EDU project slides (www.ides-edu.eu) Corrado V., Fabrizio E., Fondamenti di Termofisica dell’Edificio e Climatizzazione, II edizione, CLUT, Torino, 2014. Astolfi A., Corrado V., Applicazioni di Illuminazione e Acustica, CELID, Torino, 2012. • materiale distribuito dai docenti. Stefanutti L., “Manuale degli impianti di climatizzazione”, ISBN 978-88-481-1884-2, Editore Tecniche Nuove, 2007. DETAIL, Institut für internationale Architektur Dokumentation GmbH THE PLAN - Architecture & Technologies in Detail ARKETIPO MAGAZINE Herzog, T., Krippner , R., Lang, W., (2005), Atlante delle facciate, UTET, Torino. Supplementary teaching and reference material: ASHRAE, “Handbook of Fundamentals”, editore ASHRAE, 2005. AICARR, “Manuale d’ausilio alla progettazione: Miniguida AICARR (III Edizione)”, ISBN: 978-88-95620-56-5, MILANO: AICARR, 2010. Capozzoli A., Corrado V., Gorrino A., Soma P., “Atlante nazionale dei ponti termici”, Edilclima, 2011 http://tu1403.eu/wp-content/uploads/Vol-3-2_for-web-Open-Access_9789463661119.pdf https://mostapharoudsari.gitbooks.io/ladybug-primer/content/text/categories/0_Ladybug.html https://docs.ladybug.tools/honeybee-primer/components Teaching notes provided by the teachers.

Modalità di esame: Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato grafico individuale; Elaborato grafico prodotto in gruppo;

The exam will consist in the presentation of the design developed for a specific case study assigned to the student, regarding the (re)design of the facade of a building, from the bigger volumetric scale, to a detailed scale and environmental analysis. In particular it will be evaluated the capability of the student to apply and convey the results of a performance based approach to the design of a complex building envelope. The design exercise will be presented by means of digital support. The final mark of the module is obtained from the mark of the final exam and from the marks of the single disciplines, developed during the course. The online exam will be carried out using the platform provided by the Politecnico (i.e. BBB) or equivalent.

Modalità di esame: Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato grafico individuale; Elaborato grafico prodotto in gruppo;

The exam will consist in the presentation of the design developed for a specific case study assigned to the student, regarding the (re)design of the facade of a building, from the bigger volumetric scale, to a detailed scale and environmental analysis. In particular it will be evaluated the capability of the student to apply and convey the results of a performance based approach to the design of a complex building envelope. The design exercise will be presented by means of digital support. The final mark of the module is obtained from the mark of the final exam and from the marks of the single disciplines, developed during the course. For students connected by remotely, the exam will be carried out using the platform provided by the Politecnico (i.e. BBB) or equivalent. The onsite exam and online exam will be the same.