The course focus on the theoretical background of geophysical methods applied to civil and environmental engineering, on the application in mining operation, and in study of snow/glacier and permafrost in alpine areas. The course aims to illustrate the data acquisition and interpretation methods of the geophysical parameters.

The student will achieve competences in the context of applications of conventional geophysical surveys to different engineering fields. He/She must demonstrate its ability to plan geophysical surveys in multiple geological and morphological environment, to interpret the results of surveys and to understand the meaning of the geophysical parameters obtained. He/She will also acquire skills in the evaluation of the relationships between geophysical and geotechnical/hydrogeological parameters of soils and rocks. Students will acquire skills on the suitability of geophysical methods to characterise permafrost and glaciers.

The basic knowledges refer to the background in geology, hydrogeology and geophysics with reference to the petrophysical properties of the soils and rocks, the meaning of hydrogeological parameters (density, porosity, content, water permeability), geophysical properties of soils and rocks (electrical resistivity, seismic attributes, electromagnetic parameters) and environmental and geotechnical engineering (mechanical parameters). Basic knowledge on signal acquisition and processing is required. Skills in using computer tools (Matlab/Octave) for geophysical data processing are also required.

Seismic Methods: (2 credits) Wave equation and correlation between mechanical parameters and seismic response; Correlation between petrophysical parameters (porosity, water content) and velocity and attenuation of porous media: Willie model, Biot-Gassman model; In-hole survey methods: downhole, cross-hole and vertical seismic profile (VSP); Seismic tomography in hole and from surface. Methods of surface waves. Electrical Methods (2 credits) Correlations between petrophysical parameters and electrical resistivity, and induced polarization effects, induced polarization for contaminated site measurements and mining surveys: electrical tomography of resistivity and polarization from surface and in cross-hole modality; examples for hydrogeological and environmental characterization, application of electrical tomography to characterise permafrost (2 Credits). Electromagnetic Methods (2 credits) Methods in frequency and time domain; acquisition mode with low induction Slingram devices; examples for the characterization of contaminated sites; Time domain methods for hydrogeological characterization. Ground penetrating radar: theory, data acquisition and processing, application in geology and hydrogeology, application in permafrost and glaciers. Mining geophysics (2 credits): the magnetic method; airborne electromagnetic survey for geological and mining characterization; integrated magnetic and electromagnetic surveys; seismic characterissation for geomechanical properties of mines; magneto-telluric methods in geothermal exploration. Laboratory works: processing of seismic data and electrical tomographic data; processing of georadar data; processing of magnetic and magne-telluric data for mining prospecting.

Lessons are intended to provide the principles of acquisition, processing and interpretation of geophysical data (about 50 hours). Field tutorials will enable students to learn practical-operational data acquisition methods; the laboratory exercises are aimed at deepening the aspects of data processing and interpretation of geophysical surveys. Laboratory Exercises provide for independent work by the student in the Computer Laboratories at the University.

The textbook is: J.M. Reynolds, 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, Wiley Ed., 796 pp. The teacher provides through the portal the material discussed during the lessons, hints for the classroom works and laboratory exercises. Technical documentation and scientific articles are suggested for theoretical insights and made available on-line.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta su carta con videosorveglianza dei docenti; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo; Prova scritta tramite l'utilizzo di vLAIB e piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam will consist in an individual written exam divided in three parts: 1) processing of geophysical data according to the tools and the platform introduced during the course (Matlab/Octave) 2) planning a geophysical survey on some specific issue (mining, climate change, environmental) 3) exercises on the relationships between geophysical and enginering properties and/or theorethical questions The main goal is to evaluate the capability in planning and design geophysical survey, to interpret the data sets and in understanding thetheorethical aspects of the applied geophysics. The final evaluation is based on the clarity of exposition (5 points), technical skills (5 points), capability to relate the different aspects of the subject (10 points), degree of competence achieved (10 points).

Modalità di esame: Test informatizzato in laboratorio; Prova scritta (in aula); Prova scritta su carta con videosorveglianza dei docenti; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam will consist in an individual written exam divided in three parts: 1) processing of geophysical data according to the tools and the platform introduced during the course (Matlab/Octave) 2) planning a geophysical survey on some specific issue (mining, climate change, environmental) 3) exercises on the relationships between geophysical and enginering properties and/or theorethical questions The main goal is to evaluate the capabilityin planning and design geophysical survey, to interpret the data sets and in understanding the theorethical aspects of the applied geophysics. The final evaluation is based on the clarity of exposition (5 points), technical skills (5 points), capability to relate the different aspects of the subject (10 points), degree of competence achieved (10 points).