Knowledge of statistical distributions used in the field of measurement and quality. Knowledge of the techniques of analysis of experimental data: regression, hypothesis testing, ANOVA, exclusion principles. Knowledge of the main metrological characteristics of measuring instruments: resolution, stability, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy, the traceability chain. Knowledge of methods for evaluation of measurement uncertainty in accordance with national and international standards. Knowledge of major national and international standards in the field of metrology. Knowledge of the main operating principle of measuring instruments used in mechanics. Ability to set measurement activities by choosing the appropriate measuring instruments. Ability to perform the calibration of measuring instruments. Ability to detect systematic errors in the measurements. Ability to present the results of measurements and tests as specified in international standards. Ability to analysis of experimental results using statistical techniques (regression, ANOVA).

Concepts of Mathematics (calculation of derivatives, etc.), Concepts of Physics (knowledge of the main physical properties, units, etc.), and good practice in use of spreadsheets.

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN MEASUREMENT RESULTS Guidelines on conformance with tolerances, management of measurement and test activities according to quality rules. QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF MEASUREMENT AND TESTING Main principles of ISO 9001:2015 and ISO/IEC 17025:2017, dissemination of the International System of Units (SI). CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Resolution, stability, repeatability, reproducibility, bias, uncertainty, random errors, systematic errors and measurement accidents. NOTES ON PROBABILITY The classic and frequentist concepts of probability, combinatorial analysis, compound and conditional probabilities. NOTES ON STATISTICS Statistical distributions and relevant parameters, discrete distributions (binomial, hypergeometric and Poisson distributions), continuous distributions (normal, Student, Pearson and Fisher distributions), confidence intervals, risk of error (first and second kind). STATISTICAL MANAGEMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA Description of experimental data, exclusion principles, frequency distributions, test of the χ² and Normal Probability Plot (NPP). THE LINEAR REGRESSION Least squares method, evaluation of the model goodness. IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEMATIC FACTORS The use of hypothesis tests, introduction to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). UNCERTAINTY OF TYPE B Evaluation of some uncertainty causes, the equivalent variance (uniform, arcsine and triangular distributions). THE COMBINED UNCERTAINTY Composition of the uncertainty contributions, the table of the uncertainty budget. THE EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY The evaluation of degrees of freedom, practical applications and PUMA method. ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS The length measurements (temperature and force effects, interactions between measurement surfaces and measurand), the mass measurements (effects of air density and gravity acceleration), the pressure measurements (basic concepts and devices based on weight force), the hardness measurements (test methods and related issues).

The theoretical lessons on "Applications of Probability and Statistics", "Analysis of experimental data" and "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty" are followed by practical lessons in which the presented concepts are directly applied by the students to real problems.

The reference textbook for the parts on "Applications of Probability and Statistics", "Analysis of experimental data" and "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty" is: G. Barbato, A. Germak, G. Genta, "Measurements for Decision Making", Società Editrice Esculapio, Bologna, 2013. For the part on "Elements of mechanical measurements", some slides will be distributed to the students.

Exam: Written test via vLAIB using the PoliTo platform;

The exam consists of a written test via vLAIB using the Exam platform and proctoring tools (Respondus). The test is subdivided into four parts: "Applications of Probability and Statistics", "Analysis of experimental data", "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty" and "Elements of mechanical measurements". For the first three parts, the students have to solve exercises similar to those carried out during the practical lessons. Instead, the part on "Elements of mechanical measurements" consists of a series of multiple-choice questions (true/false). The time available for the exam is, indicatively, 2 hours. During the examination, the students have available some files of the practical lessons carried out during the course, further, it can be used the reference textbook of the course, but not notes or other material of any kind. After the publication of the results of the exam on the "Portale della Didattica", students are allowed to withdraw by sending an email to the teacher in charge of the course by the communicated deadline date for the registration of the grade.

Exam: Computer lab-based test;

Blended exams are not provided. When permitted by rules, the exam will take place in written form as a computer lab-based test. The test is subdivided into four parts: "Applications of Probability and Statistics", "Analysis of experimental data", "Evaluation of measurement uncertainty" and "Elements of mechanical measurements". For the first three parts, the students have to solve exercises similar to those carried out during the practical lessons. Instead, the part on "Elements of mechanical measurements" consists of a series of multiple-choice questions (true/false). The time available for the exam is, indicatively, 2 hours. During the examination, the students have available some files of the practical lessons carried out during the course, further, it can be used the reference textbook of the course, but not notes or other material of any kind. After the publication of the results of the exam on the "Portale della Didattica", students are allowed to withdraw by sending an email to the teacher in charge of the course by the communicated deadline date for the registration of the grade.