The course aims to provide students with the concepts useful to face problems of measurement and control of thermal quantities in static and dynamic conditions. The course introduces the fundamentals of temperature measurements; the operating principles and metrological characteristics of reference standards and industrial instrumentation for measuring both temperature and humidity; the characteristics of thermal transducers in dynamic conditions. In addition, the course presents the methods of controlling thermal processes, the control systems, and examples of design and characterization of thermal systems and enclosures. Furthermore, selected measurement problems that requires special and advanced techniques will be discussed. The course will be taught in English by prof. Vito FERNICOLA.

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Fundamentals of temperature measurements (2h). Thermodynamic temperature measurements and realization of the unit; the International Temperature Scale ITS-90; Planck's law and radiation thermometry. Approximation techniques and industrial measurements (4 h). Principles of resistance thermometry; platinum resistance thermometers and precision thermistors; thermoelectric thermometry; characteristics of transducers and measurement uncertainty estimates. Dynamic measurements (3h). Dynamic regime of transducers and systems for thermal measurements; dynamic errors in time domain, analysis of thermal transducers in Laplace domain; dynamic characterisation of temperature sensors. Precision thermal control systems (5 h). Static and dynamic analysis of controlled systems; PID tuning and optimal regulation; baths, enclosures and thermostatic systems; two-phase systems. Humidity standards (2 h). Dew/frost point temperature scale; gravimetric methods; thermodynamic-based humidity standard generators; trace humidity standards. Sensors and transducers for humidity and moisture measurements (2 h). Condensation hygrometer; spectroscopic and electrical impedance methods; capacitive sensors. Special and advanced techniques in temperature metrology (2 h). Fibre-optic thermometry; fluorescence-based methods; quartz and MEMS thermometers.

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Presentazione orale

P.D.1-1 - Novembre