The Fundamentals of Electrical Systems module aim to provide * the main concepts related to the behaviour of electrical components and their interconnection * the methodological bases for the analysis of electrical circuits * the basic knowledge of the behaviour of electrical circuits with particular attention to aspects of DC and low frequency.

Knowledge of methods to perform circuit analysis in electrical engineering. Ability to analyze electrical circuits operating in DC Ability to analyze electrical circuits operating in AC

Calculus (derivatives, integrals, complex numbers), physics (electric fields, magnetic fields, currents in conductive media)

Fundamentals of electrical and electronic systems Module: Fundamentals of electrical systems 2020/2021 Instructor: Fabio Freschi Telephone: 011 0907121 Email: fabio.freschi@polito.it Course organization: Pre-recorded lectures will be available weekly on the course website. Live practices (3 hours per week, with all students). During the practice it will be possible to ask questions regarding the theory parts of the course. Interaction and office hours: the official channel for discussion is the specific workspace that will made available on the Slack platform. It is possible to send private and public messages. I encourage students to interact through the platform and try to answer questions asked by colleagues. Information regarding the course will be given using the Slack platform. It is responsibility of the students to stay up to date. Office hours: It is possible to request a personal meeting by appointment (on Slack). Office hours are not a one-to-one lesson. They must be used to clarify the course content or exercises and they suppose a preliminary work by the student. Office: Department of Energy (DENERG) Door 3 (second floor, above room 12) Map: http://www.polito.it/ateneo/sedi/index.php?bl_id=TO_CEN04&fl_id=XP02&rm_id=M001&lang=en Class hours: Tue 11:30-14:30 (room 2M), Wed 14:30-17:30 (room 2C). Practice: Fri 13:00-16:00 (room 7I) Prerequisites: calculus (derivatives, integrals, complex numbers), physics (electric fields, magnetic fields, currents in conductive media) Textbooks and Material: Pre-recorded theory lectures and recordings of the live practices will be available. For further study it is possible to consult the following textbooks C.K. Alexander, M.N.O. Sadiku, “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits”, 6/e, 2017 G. Rizzoni, “Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering”, 6/e, McGraw-Hill, 2016 J.A. Svoboda, R.C. Dorf, “Introduction to Electric Circuits”, 9/e, Wiley, 2013 Note: I recommend taking your own notes during class hours and metabolize the subject using the textbooks and recordings as learning aids. Exam (warning: rule change): The two modules have a common exam made of two parts. The written exam consists in the solution of four exercises, two each module, in approximately two hours. It is possible to use a scientific calculator and a clean copy of the official formula sheet uploaded on the course website. Answers must be reported on the official examination papers. Extra pages will not be corrected. The final score is the sum of the scores of the two parts. Candidates with positive scores (>8) in both modules and positive final score (18) pass the exam and the final score is registered. Candidates with a final score 25 have access to the optional oral examination that consists of a 1 or 2 questions related to the course program of both modules. In this case, the final score is the mean value of the written and oral exam. To access the written and oral exam, it is necessary to independently apply through the official registration website. A collection of written past exams with solutions is available on the course official web-portal (exclude nodal analysis, controlled sources). Penalties: for each of these mistakes a penalty will be applied to the final score (-1 point) for EE part • Wrong Name/Surname on the exam sheet • Messy exam • Dimensional nonsenses • Missing measurement units • Explicit equality between a time dependent function and a complex number • Missing imaginary unit in reactive impedances • Sum of magnitudes Policies: Attendance to lectures is always welcome. However only students officially enrolled for the course can take the final exam. The final written and oral exams shall be given at the scheduled date and time, as communicated to students, with no exceptions. There will be no make-up exams. Students will be allowed to examine their own written test exclusively on the day of the oral exam. Final grades are not negotiable. Cheating is a serious academic offense. Students discovered engaging in such behavior during the exam shall earn a failing grade. Further disciplinary actions may also be taken. Email policy: Always specify Name Surname, ID Number and course. If you are asking for an appointment, propose 2-3 possible dates and time slots. Double check if the email is appropriate versus both the syllabus and the common sense. For questions regarding the course organization and/or exam, always cc prof. Ferraris (luca.ferraris@polito.it). I will not reply to email that are not compliant to the above-mentioned rules. Useful contacts: For students with personal difficult conditions: counseling@polito.it. For critical situations with the teaching staff (professors, assistants, student affairs office, …) garante.studenti@polito.it Disclaimer: This syllabus is subject to change; students who miss class are responsible for learning about any changes to the syllabus.   Lectures PART I: PRELIMINARIES Basic definitions • models • electrical engineering and lumped circuit models: hypotheses • electrical components and terminals, two-terminal components • current and ammeter • voltage and voltmeter • passive and active sign convention • electrical power (wattmeter) and energy, passivity Topology • operative definitions: node, branch, loop, mesh, graph • Kirchhoff’s current law (surface, node) • Kirchhoff’s voltage law (closed path, mesh) Two-terminal components and constitutive equations • constitutive equations • passive elements 1. resistor (resistance, conductance), short circuit, open circuit, ideal switch 2. diode 3. electric energy and capacitor 4. magnetic energy and inductor • active elements 1. voltage generator 2. current generator • controlled generators: 1. voltage controlled voltage source 2. current controlled voltage source 3. voltage controlled current source 4. current controlled current source Solution of the fundamental problem of circuit theory • definition • linearly independent equations: KCL, KVL constitutive equations • method of sparse tableau • non-dynamic networks (algebraic equations), dynamic (differential equations), order of a network PART II: NON-DYNAMIC CIRCUITS Special methods for the solution of electrical circuits • equivalence principle • series and parallel connection 1. definitions 2. series of resistors and voltage division 3. parallel of resistors and current division 4. examples 5. series of generators 6. parallel of generators • star and delta connection • superposition principle (proof) • Millman’s theorem (proof) • Thevenin’s equivalent circuit (proof) • Norton’s equivalent circuit (proof) • Tellegen’s theorem • Maximum power transfer • Circuits with controlled generators General methods for the solution of electrical circuits: nodal analysis • Nodal equations from KCL • Nodal equations by inspection Circuits with diodes • Circuit solution by assumed diode states PART III: DYNAMIC CIRCUITS Transient analysis • constitutive equations of capacitor and inductor • series and parallel connection of capacitors and inductors • solutions of differential equations with constant coefficients: outline 1. associated homogeneous equations 2. particular solution 3. initial conditions • first order differential equations 1. free and forced evolution 2. transient and permanent evolution • RC circuit • RL circuit • Solution of first order circuits with constant inputs (Thevenin, Norton) • Switches Sinusoidal steady state • (summary of complex number algebra) • sinusoidal waveforms • phasor of a sinusoidal waveform • properties of phasors • topological and constitutive equations in phasor domain • impedance, admittance and generalized Ohm’s law • generalization of principles and theorems in phasor domain • phasor diagram • frequency response • power in sinusoidal steady state 1. instantaneous power 2. real and reactive power 3. complex and apparent power 4. maximum power transfer in AC • Boucherot’s law • power factor correction of inductive single-phase loads • non sinusoidal periodic regime • Rectifiers Practice lessons Practice # 1 KVL and KCL Constitutive equations General solution of electric circuits Practice # 2 Evaluation of equivalent resistances Solution of circuits by using voltage and current division Practice # 3 Use of superposition principle Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits Practice # 4 Millman’s theorem Circuits with diodes Practice # 5 Transient analysis Practice # 6 Sinusoidal steady state analysis of circuits in phasor domain Practice # 7 Sinusoidal steady state: method of power balance

The course is organised with theory and practice lectures Theory lectures are developed live using a virtual board. The handouts of each lecture is then uploaded on the official course website Practice lessons consist in the numerical solution of exercises proposed by the lecturer.

* Giorgio Rizzoni and James Kearns , "Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering", 6/e, McGraw-Hill, 2016 * Charles Alexander and Matthew Sadiku, "Fundamentals of Electric Circuits", 7/e, McGraw-Hill, 2021 * Handouts of the lectures Note: I recommend to take your own notes during class hours and metabolize the subject using the textbooks and slides as learning aids.

Modalità di esame: Prova orale facoltativa; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

Description The exam has a written and an oral part. The written exam is delivered using the Exam platform, integrated with the proctoring tool Respondus. It is also possible to give an optional oral exam, according to the rules described below. The written exam will be given at the scheduled date and time, as communicated to students and will consist of two parts: Fundamentals of Electrical Systems and Fundamentals of Electronic Systems. Each part has a maximum score of 16 points. Each part has * 4 multiple-choice quizzes: 0.75 points per questions, -0.25 penalty points for errors * 4 short numerical quizzes: 1.25 points per questions, 5% (unless otherwise stated) of numerical tolerance allowed on the result * Solution of a written exercise with multiple questions: 8 total points. The written exercise is a classical exercise and must be solved on A4 pages, scanned or photographed and uploaded on the Exam platform in digital format. Duration The duration of each module is 50 minutes. There will be a break between the two parts. As an example: * Start Fundamentals of Electrical Systems: 8:00am * End Fundamentals of Electrical Systems: 9:15am * Max duration 50 minutes (increased to 65 minutes for students with special needs) * Start Fundamentals of Electronic Systems: 9:15pm * End Fundamentals of Electronic Systems: 10:30pm * Max duration 50 minutes (increased to 65 minutes for students with special needs) Permissible and non-permissible aids During the exam it is possible to use * a scientific calculator * pen, pencil, drafting instruments * blank A4 sheets (max of 3 pages) for the written exercise to be scanned and uploaded as previously described) * The exam is a “closed book” examination: books and formula sheets are not admitted. * Everything that is not officially allowed, must be considered as a non-permissible aid. Cheating is a serious academic offense. Students discovered engaging in such behavior during the exam shall earn a failing grade and their case shall be reported to the Academic authorities for further disciplinary actions. Grading The final score is obtained summing up the results of the two parts. The exam is failed if any of the following is verified * total score (Fundamentals of Electrical Systems and Fundamentals of Electronic Systems) lower than 16 points * partial score (Fundamentals of Electrical Systems or Fundamentals of Electronic Systems) lower than 7 points The total score of the two parts will be limited to 30 points in case of higher score. Oral Exam Candidates with a positive total score have access to the optional oral examination that consists of a 1 or 2 questions related to the course program of both modules. In this case, the final score is the mean value of the written and oral exam. To access the written and oral exam, it is necessary to independently apply through the official registration website. The oral exam will be given remotely, with the teleconference tool communicated to the students a few days in advance or in person, according to the University rules and restrictions. The oral exam is * mandatory for students with a non sufficient total score (16 or 17 points) * mandatory in case of doubts regarding the written exam. In these cases the Students will be informed a few days after the written test * upon request of the Students

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa;

To guarantee a uniform evaluation of the students, the blended exam is identical to its online version. It is however possible to give the optional oral exam in person, according to the University rules and restrictions. Description The exam has a written and an oral part. The written exam is delivered using the Exam platform, integrated with the proctoring tool Respondus. It is also possible to give an optional oral exam, according to the rules described below. The written exam will be given at the scheduled date and time, as communicated to students and will consist of two parts: Fundamentals of Electrical Systems and Fundamentals of Electronic Systems. Each part has a maximum score of 16 points. Each part has * 4 multiple-choice quizzes: 0.75 points per questions, -0.25 penalty points for errors * 4 short numerical quizzes: 1.25 points per questions, 5% (unless otherwise stated) of numerical tolerance allowed on the result * Solution of a written exercise with multiple questions: 8 total points. The written exercise is a classical exercise and must be solved on A4 pages, scanned or photographed and uploaded on the Exam platform in digital format. Duration The duration of each module is 50 minutes. There will be a break between the two parts. As an example: * Start Fundamentals of Electrical Systems: 8:00am * End Fundamentals of Electrical Systems: 9:15am * Max duration 50 minutes (increased to 65 minutes for students with special needs) * Start Fundamentals of Electronic Systems: 9:15pm * End Fundamentals of Electronic Systems: 10:30pm * Max duration 50 minutes (increased to 65 minutes for students with special needs) Permissible and non-permissible aids During the exam it is possible to use * a scientific calculator * pen, pencil, drafting instruments * blank A4 sheets (max of 3 pages) for the written exercise to be scanned and uploaded as previously described) * The exam is a “closed book” examination: books and formula sheets are not admitted. * Everything that is not officially allowed, must be considered as a non-permissible aid. Cheating is a serious academic offense. Students discovered engaging in such behavior during the exam shall earn a failing grade and their case shall be reported to the Academic authorities for further disciplinary actions. Grading The final score is obtained summing up the results of the two parts. The exam is failed if any of the following is verified * total score (Fundamentals of Electrical Systems and Fundamentals of Electronic Systems) lower than 16 points * partial score (Fundamentals of Electrical Systems or Fundamentals of Electronic Systems) lower than 7 points The total score of the two parts will be limited to 30 points in case of higher score. Oral Exam Candidates with a positive total score have access to the optional oral examination that consists of a 1 or 2 questions related to the course program of both modules. In this case, the final score is the mean value of the written and oral exam. To access the written and oral exam, it is necessary to independently apply through the official registration website. The oral exam will be given remotely, with the teleconference tool communicated to the students a few days in advance or in person, according to the University rules and restrictions. The oral exam is * mandatory for students with a non sufficient total score (16 or 17 points) * mandatory in case of doubts regarding the written exam. In these cases the Students will be informed a few days after the written test * upon request of the Students