The main expected learning outcomes are: - General knowledge of architectural history and theory for the Early modern period; ability to correctly identify and place Early Modern architectural production in space and time, using an appropriate specific vocabulary. - Knowledge of the methods of historical analysis in architecture. - Knowledge and understanding of some of the cultural, social, economic urban transformations for the concerned period. - Ability to identify historical sources and to use them correctly. - Ability to organize and verify data collected through historical analysis, at different scales.

A very general knowledge of Italian and European Early Modern history is a prerequisite. The course requires also a basic knowledge of Art history (at high school level) for the Ancient, Middle Ages and Early Modern periods. As the course is in the second year of the Bachelor Degree, a basic knowledge of the architectural vocabulary (parts of buildings, building types, building and construction elements, primary forms in the history of architecture) is also expected.

The course is divided in three main parts, shared by all the professors but focusing more on some different topics 1) prof. Paolo Cornaglia 1. Italian architecture in the XVth century and its relationship with Antiquity (15 hours) • Filippo Brunelleschi and the beginning of Renaissance in Florence • The relationship among architecture, landscape and villas in Florence in the XVth century and the Italian garden • Leon Battista Alberti and Theory of Architecture • Pienza and Urbino: urban planning, princely residences and landscape 2. Italian architecture in the XVIth century (20 ore) • Bramante in Milan and Rome • Raffaello, Peruzzi, Sangallo: the architecture of palaces and villas in Rome • Michelangelo in Florence and Rome • Saint Peter in Vatican: plans, works, architects • Palladio and his villas: the triumph of a type 3. Italian architecture in the XVIIth and XVIIIth cenury an d the European framework (25 hours) • Roman villas at the beginning of the XVIIth century • The birth of Baroque in Rome: Bernini • Francesco Borromini • Turin and Paris: capital cities and royal residences • The French garden • Guarini Guarini and the Baroque architecture in Piedmont • Filippo Juvarra and the spread of Baroque all over Europe 2) Prof. Andrea Longhi 1. Quattrocento architecture in Italy and the relation with the Antique model (20 hours approx.): - Filippo Brunelleschi, the culture of gothic building site and building process, and new architecture in Florence - Vitruvius’ treaty and architectural literature between Quattrocento and Cinquecento - Leon Battista Alberti - Square, palace and church in Urbino, Pienza and Vigevano - Bramante in Milan and Sforza patronage 2. The architecture of 16th century in Italy (20 hours approx.): - Bramante and pope Giulius II in Rome; the long-lasting building-site of Saint-Peter in Vatican - Raffaello, Peruzzi and architectures of villas and palaces in Roma - Michelangelo in Florence and Rome - Giulio Romano in Mantova and Sansovino in Venice - Tridentine Council, architecture of Catholic Reform in Rome and Milan; Instructiones of Carlo Borromeo - Vignola and Palladio: villas, palaces and churches, treatises and architectural orders in 16th c. 3. 17th and early 18th architecture in Italy and in Europe (20 hours approx.): - early Seicento in Rome: Maderno - Torino, the urban design of the capital-town and the structure of the State (Vitozzi, Castellamonte) - historiography of baroque and relation with catholic counter-reformation and absolutism - Bernini, Borromini and Pietro da Cortona - Guarini Guarini in Europe, from Pars to Turin - Filippo Juvarra, from Rome, to Turin and Madrid 3) Prof.sa Silvia Beltramo 1. Architecture of the Italian Quattrocento through the study of the works of the main architects and theorists of the Renaissance (25 CFU) a. The Renaissance in Italy: art and architecture b. The Renaissance in Florence: Filippo Brunelleschi c. Leon Battista Alberti and the theory of architecture d. The Italian urban “cities”: Ferrara, Urbino and Pienza e. Francesco di Giorgio Martini: Urbino, Siena, military architecture and treaties f. The Late Gothic in Northern Italy and the Renaissance in Milan: Solari and Filarete 2. Architecture of the XVI century in Italy (20 CFU); a. Lorenzo il Magnifico in Florence: Giuliano da San Gallo b. Donato Bramante from Milan to Rome c. Rome in the first part of the XVI century: Raffaello, Peruzzi and Michelangelo d. San Pietro in Vatican e. Giulio Romano f. Sansovino and Palladio g. The Counter-Reformation, Mannerism and the order of the Jesuits 3. Architecture of the XVII-XVIII centuries in Italy and in Europe (15 CFU). a. The Baroque in Rome: Pietro da Cortona, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini b. The Baroque in Piedmont: Guarino Guarini c. The Baroque in Piedmonte: Filippo Juvarra

For all courses attending the lectures is essential to a good performance at the exam.

Prof. P. Cornaglia The course is mainly based on classroom lectures (about 52 hours), with two open air lessons at Stupinigi Hunting Lodge and Venaria Reale Royal Palace (about 8 hours). Prof.sa Silvia Beltramo e Andrea Longhi The course is organized into lessons, structured by chronological periods (50 hs), and open air lessons in Turin within the ordinary course timetable are mandatory (10 hs.) if possible within the framework of national and local health regulations in force during the semester. Conferences and seminars of specific interest that will be reported to the students. Lessons by specialists in the discipline on specific topics may also be provided in accordance with other courses in the history of modern architecture.

Among the many possible readings, the following are suggested as a first approach to the course topics: - Storia dell’architettura italiana. Il Quattrocento, ed. bu F. Paolo Fiore, Milano, Electa, 1998 - W. Lotz, Architettura in Italia 1500-1600, ed. by Deborah Howard, Milano, Rizzoli, 1997, 2002, 2nd ed. - R. Wittkower, Arte e Architettura in Italia 1600-1750, Torino, Einaudi, 1993; especially parts 2 and 3 1) Prof. P. Cornaglia - Recommended readings a) Franco Panzini, Progettare la natura, Zanichelli, Bologna 2005, chapters 5 & 6 b) Paolo Cornaglia, 1563-1798 tre secoli di architettura di corte. La città, gli architetti, la committenza, le residenze, i giardini in Enrico Castelnuovo, (ed. by), La Reggia di Venaria e i Savoia. Arte, magnificenza e storia di una corte europea, exhibition catalogue (Venaria Reale, 13 October-31 March 2007), Allemandi, Torino 2007, pages. 117-184. c) Paolo Cornaglia, Marco Ferrari, I giardini delle Residenze Sabaude: un solo sistema, in Paolo Cornaglia, Vincenzo Cazzato (eds), Viaggio nei Giardini d’Europa. Da Le Nôtre a Henry James, exhibition catalogue (Venaria Reale, 5 July-20 October 2019), Edizioni La Venaria Reale, La Venaria Reale 2019, pages. 340-353. Powerpoint presentation will be available on the Polito website from the beginning of the course. Other suggestions concerning websites and readings will be offered during the course. 2) Prof. Andrea Longhi - Recommended readings a) Paolo Cornaglia, 1563-1798 tre secoli di architettura di corte. La città, gli architetti, la committenza, le residenze, i giardini in Enrico Castelnuovo, ( a cura di), La Reggia di Venaria e i Savoia. Arte, magnificenza e storia di una corte europea, catalogo della mostra (Venaria Reale, 13 ottobre-31 marzo 2007), Allemandi, Torino 2007, pp. 117-184.3) 3) Prof. Silvia Beltramo - Recommended readings: J. S. ACKERMANN, La villa. Forma e ideologia, Einaudi, Torino 1992; J. S. ACKERMANN, Palladio, Einaudi, Torino 1972; A. BRUSCHI, Bramante, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1985; E. FORSSMAN, Dorico, ionico, corinzio nell’architettura del Rinascimento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1988; R. WITTKOVER, Principi architettonici nell’età dell’umanesimo, Einaudi, Torino 1964; J. SUMMERSON, Il linguaggio classico dell'architettura, Einaudi, Torino 1963. Additional bibliography, references to websites, and readings are given throughout the course and will be partly available for download from the course website.

Exam: Computer-based written test using the PoliTo platform;

The final exam will be taken individually. It aims to assess the learning of the topics discussed during the course and covered in the required readings. The exam has the purpose of assessing : (1) knowledge of specific topics in the history of Early modern Architecture, (2) the understanding of periodization and chronology (3) the ability to discuss and recognize, through the use of images, specific examples among those analyzed during the lectures. 1) Prof. Paolo Cornaglia The written exam (2 hours) is divided in 3 parts: a) Recognizing a plan (only the plans presented on the ppt are used), focusing on the period, discussing the building and the architect (8/30) b) Question about the works and career of an architect or about a specific theme (12/30) c) Test containing 11 questions and a series of answers to be selected, finding the correct one/s (10/30). Books, notes, web connection and powerpoint are not allowed during the exam. 2) Prof. Andrea Longhi The final exam will be an individual, oral exam; 3-4 open questions on the course program, lasting approx. 20 minutes. Evaluation will focus on: knowledge of specific themes and episodes in Early modern Architectural history (10 pts / 30); correct periodization and connection among themes and projects (10/30); discussion and correct identification of specific buildings, projects, architectural careers (10/30). 3) Prof. Silvia Beltramo The final exam will be an individual, oral exam. The final oral exam consists in 2-3 open questions on the course program, lasting approximately 20 minutes. The exam will share both the structure and the purpose of assessing: (a) the knowledge of specific topics in the history of Early Modern Architecture, 10/30 (b) the correct understanding of periodization and chronology 10/30 (c) the ability to discuss and recognize, through the use of images, specific buildings, project, architectural careers among those analyzed during the lectures 10/30. One of the questions can be referred to a specific in-depth study of a bibliographic reading among those provided as “Recommended readings”.

Exam: Written test; Computer-based written test using the PoliTo platform;

The final exam will be taken individually. It aims to assess the learning of the topics discussed during the course and covered in the required readings. The exam has the purpose of assessing : (1) knowledge of specific topics in the history of Early modern Architecture, (2) the understanding of periodization and chronology (3) the ability to discuss and recognize, through the use of images, specific examples among those analyzed during the lectures. 1) Prof. Paolo Cornaglia The written exam (2 hours) is divided in 3 parts: a) Recognizing a plan (only the plans presented on the ppt are used), focusing on the period, discussing the building and the architect (8/30) b) Question about the works and career of an architect or about a specific theme (12/30) c) Test containing 11 questions and a series of answers to be selected, finding the correct one/s (10/30). Books, notes, web connection and powerpoint are not allowed during the exam. 2) Prof. Andrea Longhi The final exam will be an individual, oral exam; 3-4 open questions on the course program, lasting approx. 20 minutes. Evaluation will focus on: knowledge of specific themes and episodes in Early modern Architectural history (10 pts / 30); correct periodization and connection among themes and projects (10/30); discussion and correct identification of specific buildings, projects, architectural careers (10/30). 3) Prof. Silvia Beltramo The final exam will be an individual, oral exam. The final oral exam consists in 2-3 open questions on the course program, lasting approximately 20 minutes. The exam will share both the structure and the purpose of assessing: (a) the knowledge of specific topics in the history of Early Modern Architecture, 10/30 (b) the correct understanding of periodization and chronology 10/30 (c) the ability to discuss and recognize, through the use of images, specific buildings, project, architectural careers among those analyzed during the lectures 10/30. One of the questions can be referred to a specific in-depth study of a bibliographic reading among those provided as “Recommended readings”.