Knowledge of the theoretical principles underlying the different measurement techniques, planning and execution of surveys, knowledge of the techniques of data processing, analysis of results and their evaluation adopting statistical tools. Application of Geomatics techniques for surveying of the territory, buildings and engineering works, for mapping, movements and deformations monitoring , tracking and implementation of civil engineering and protection of the territory. Ability to perform measurements with GPS / GNSS, total stations, laser scanner, inertial sensors and digital photogrammetry techniques, even including the UAV system. Ability to choose the optimal survey methods and ability to integrate data from different measurement techniques. Processing capabilities of current measurements on the ground, or examples given. Digital data and maps management using a GIS platform, knowing some basic approaches. Capacity to self-development of computational procedures for computing and solving problems in some Geomatics application fields

In addition to the basic mathematical knowledge, we require the basics of topography, such as geodesy (surfaces and reference systems), cartography, treatment of measures theoretical part and instrumental part on the classic topographic measurements.

Presentation of the course. Elements of statistics, statistical variable and random nD, linear correlation, least squares. Estimation of the variance covariance matrix of the parameters, reliability and theoretical errors of the 1st and 2nd type, data-snooping. Test adequacy of the model and condition number. Redundancy matrix and the relationship between observations and residuals. Problems sqm: equations of geodetic networks, their linearization and conduct of the calculations. Ellipses of error, simulation of networks and configurable variables. Principles of sequential least squares and Kalman filter. Review about the system and on the signal. Concepts for calculating satellite orbits. Stand-alone GPS positioning with code and phase measurements. Errors in GNSS. Relative positioning: phase differences. Cycle slips. Positioning DGPS and RTK differential, transmission of differential corrections. Techniques of acquisition: methods and accuracy of the positioning. Features of GPS / GNSS. Permanent stations. GNSS Positioning: characteristics of GLONASS constellations. Work on new constellations Galileo, COMPASS, QZSS. GNSS RTK networks and traditional networks. Architectures VRS MRS MAC. DATUM: Concept and definition. Inertial Systems and ECEF. Change of reference system and coordinate systems. National geodetic networks: IGM95, networks of GNSS permanent stations, Dynamic National Network (RDN). DATUM Height: height differences with GPS and classical measurements, elevations and geopotential dynamic, orthometric corrections. GNSS networks and 3D integration with classical measures, from field to real field normal and parallel to gravity. Physical principles of inertial positioning, gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers. Inertial sensors and their types IMU strapdown and gimbaled. Principles on calculating of the position with IMU. Bias and errors in the positioning Inertial reference systems, ECEF, navigation and body and navigation equations. Inertial navigation and integrated with GNSS, loosely coupled and tightly coupled. Applications GNSS / IMU in geomatics: high-performance surveys with Mobile Mapping System (MMS) applications in land, air or drone, IMU integration between GNSS, digital cameras, relations between reference systems and time scales. Principles of operation of the laser scanner. Pulse and phase measurements. Echoes and pulse return signal. Instrument and precision. LIDAR Techniques of acquisition for terrestrial and aerial applications. Positioning of the sensor for aerial and terrestrial LIDAR. Integrating aerial LIDAR , GNSS and IMU. The planning of terrestrial and aerial scans . Alignment and registration of LIDAR scans and notes on filtering, classification and segmentation. Products and applications that make use of LIDAR. Principles of photogrammetry. Process Steps: from the image shooting to the map production. Image reference system, internal and external orientation. Analytical foundations: collinearity equations. Prospective Equations and external orientation. Central projection of a plane object. Flight Planning. Internal orientation, distortion lens, analytical symmetric and asymmetric relative orientation, absolute orientation analysis. Work on the aerial triangulation for independent models and stars projective. Stereoscopic vision. Analytical stereo-plotters and digital stereo-plotters. Analog and digital photogrammetric cameras, aerial and land cameras. Digital photogrammetry and ortho rectification. Applications of photogrammetry for surveying of the territory and buildings. Use of UAV in Geomatics. The construction and tracking of engineering works: from design to construction work, geodetic network classification for tracking operations. Tracking point in horizontal and vertical component, using total stations, GPS / GNSS, with gyroscopic theodolites: operational schemes and precision. Geodetic and cartographic problems in the reduction of measures in the plan mapping the terrain. Some fundamentals on GIS (Geographic Information System) model: data format, data modeling, selection by attribute and location, DTM and DSM analysis. Vector data analysis.

Exercises will be held partially in the LAB and someones directly in the field, where operative survey will be realized. In the LAB, data processing and photogrammetric plotting will be carried out. Depending on the number of students, the class will be divided in two/three groups and for each activity, each group could be divided into different small groups, according to the organization that will be communicated during the class. Surveys will be carried out for photogrammetric purposes. LIDAR measurements will be performed as well as surveys of such GNSS RTK GPS receivers. Exercises will be conducted on least squares, change the reference system, 3D topographic compensation networks. Moreover, design of GNSS measurements (planning), GPS data processing and analysis of the surveys quality, processing and visualization of LIDAR data, photogrammetric image rectification, stereoscopic vision and to realize cartographic products. Specific LABs will be dedicated for GIS applications.

Educational material will be distributed during the course All material that is necessary for the course will be presented and discussed in class. Further references books - Teunissen, Peter J.G., Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Montenbruck, Oliver (Eds.) Springer 2017 - Hofmann-Wellenhof et al (2008) – GNSS Global Navigation Satellite system. Springer – New York. - Leick (2003) - Gps Satellite Surveying - J. Wiley – Canada. III Edizione. - Kraus, K., 1994. photogrammetry . Vol.1 and vol.2 - Manual of photogrammetry ASPRS - Basics of geomatics - M. A . Gomarasca, Ed. Springer, 2009 - Lidar Remote Sensing Paperback – Matthew J. McGill (Author), NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) (2013) - GIS fundamentals 2017 Stephen Wise, CRS press, 2° edition - GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Group project;

The exam aims to test the individual achievement of the basic objective of the teaching, the ability to develop a process in which knowledge of design and project proposal are connected in each phase. The oral exam will be held "on site" and will start from the activities carried out during the laboratories and external survey, that occurred individually processed by the comment of the results. Each student has to upload the report, using the "portale della didattica", one week before the day of oral considering the session when the student wants to do the exam (deadline of booking). The report is mandatory and will be evaluated in the range from -1(poor quality) to 2 (high quality) and this score will contribute to the final score. The autonomy and maturity of each student are verified by finding a correct solutions to some problems explained during lectures or tutorials. Usually the oral exam requires about 30 minutes and it is generally based on 3 questions..

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Group project;

The exam aims to test the individual achievement of the basic objective of the teaching, the ability to develop a process in which knowledge of design and project proposal are connected in each phase. The oral exam will be held "in person" or using the remote platform. The oral exam starts from the activities carried out during the laboratories and external survey, that occurred individually processed by the comment of the results. Each student has to upload the report, using the "portale della didattica", one week before the day of oral considering the session when the student wants to do the exam (deadline of booking). The report is mandatory and will be evaluated in the range from -1(poor quality) to 2 (high quality) and this score will contribute to the final score. The autonomy and maturity of each student are verified by finding a correct solutions to some problems explained during lectures or tutorials. Usually the oral exam requires about 30 minutes and it is generally based on 3 questions.

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Individual project;

The exam aims to test the individual achievement of the basic objective of the teaching, the ability to develop a process in which knowledge of design and project proposal are connected in each phase. The oral exam will be held using the remote platform or in presence, considering the situation. The oral exam starts from the activities carried out during the laboratories and external survey, that occurred individually processed by the comment of the results. Each student has to upload the report, using the "portale della didattica", one week before the day of oral exam considering the session when the student wants to do the exam (deadline of booking). The report is mandatory and will be evaluated in the range from -1(poor quality) to 2 (high quality) and this score will contribute to the final score. The autonomy and maturity of each student are verified by finding a correct solutions to some problems explained during lectures or tutorials. Usually the oral exam requires about 30 minutes and it is generally based on 3 questions.