On the basis of the learning of the proposed solutions and technologies the student will be able to describe the guidelines for a oil exploitation and mining operations fully compatible with the environment, to evaluate the impact load on soil and groundwater that is originated from a specific human activity (focusing on mining and oil spill), and to fix the instruments that must be adopted for the remediation of soil and groundwater, by considering performances, applicability, project criteria, costs, results. The knowledges that must be acquired are directed to the definition of a multi-disciplinar approach to the establishment of solutions for economic and environmental impact limitation, by evaluating the different tools that could be considered the best use in a perspective of integrated solutions.

In order to obtain an useful apprehension and a capacity to apply the transmitted information with the required competence, the student must know the necessary operative fundamentals, that are at the basis of the technological solutions that are adopted in the different cases. The required knowledge concerns aspects of chemistry (stoichiometry, equilibria, chemical kinetics) and basical elements of geology, hydrogeology and soil properties.

In the course the following topics will be described (with the related credit units): • Environmental sustainability of oil explotation and mining activities: examples (0,3 CFU) • Characteristics and properties of the different environmental sectors: air, water, soil. Particular emphasis will be given to soil characterization: components, chemical absorption constants (CEC, Kow ...), characteristics vadose zone and saturated area. Chemistry of aqueous solutions, chemical equilibria, material exchanges: redox potential, solubility product, volatility of compounds in solutions (Henry's law and Rault's law) (1,7 CFU) • Laws procedures concerning polluted soils, characterization plan and risk analysis procedure Basic principles of remediation techniques: removal of contaminants by physical, chemical, biological methods. Classification of treatments: in situ, ex situ (on site, off site) (1 CFU) • Gas-liquid exchange techniques: air sparging, soil venting, soil vapor extraction, dual phase extraction, bioslurping, pump and treat. Biological techniques: bioventing and biosparging, lagooning, biopile, composting, land farming Chemical techniques: permeable reactive barriers (PRB), oxidation-chemical reduction, washing with solvents Chemical-physical-thermal treatments: desorption, incineration, vitrification, solidification-stabilization, soil washing (3 CFU)

During the presentation of the arguments that constitute the object of the course numerical exemplifications are introduced, in order to explain the principles and the applications of the described systems. Besides for the risk analysis procedure different applied exercises employing commercial softwares will be performed in the informatic lab of DIATI Department. To these exercises it will be devoted a third of the total time of the course.

Considering the high application meaning and the constant technological evolution of the presented remediation technologies it doesn’t seem convenient to indicate a specific textbook, able to be a specific reference basis for the exam preparation. In order to know more, for all the presented arguments there is a very large bibliography, with different level of deepening and different treated arguments; this bibliography can be suggested to the students for an higher comprehension or a more extended analysis of the arguments that are introduced during the lessons or the exercises.

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Individual essay;

Written test; Optional oral exam; Individual essay. In order to verify the apprehension of the presented arguments and the capacity to arrive to practical applications, a traditional exam in written form is used. In general the text will foresee some closed questions with multiple choice (generally 4), two exercises and two open questions concerning theoretical basis for the technologies or pollutant, water, soil interactions and some possibilities of technology application, in order to verify the maturity level gathered from the student. The mark of the written exam may vary from 0 to 30 and in order to access to the facultative oral it’s compulsory to gather at least 18. The oral is facultative and foresees one question concerning the arguments of the course and the mark may be increased of three points maximum. The presentation of the individual written exercise is compulsory for the written exam access. The final evaluation is based on the apprehension capacity that has been demonstrated, on the quality of presentation, on the acquired capacity to apply to specific practical cases the general indications that are introduced.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Paper-based written test with video surveillance of the teaching staff; Individual project;

In order to verify the apprehension of the presented arguments and the capacity to arrive to practical applications, a traditional exam in written form is used. In general the text will foresee two exercises concerning theoretical basis for the technologies or pollutant, water, soil interactions and some possibilities of technology application, in order to verify the maturity level gathered from the student. The mark of the written exam may vary from 0 to 10 and in order to access to the facultative oral it’s compulsory to gather at least 6. The oral is compulsory and foresees one question concerning the topics of the course and the mark may vary from 0 to 20. The presentation of the individual written exercise is compulsory for the written exam access. The final evaluation is based on the apprehension capacity that has been demonstrated, on the quality of presentation, on the acquired capacity to apply to specific practical cases the general indications that are introduced.

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Individual essay; Paper-based written test with video surveillance of the teaching staff;

In order to verify the apprehension of the presented arguments and the capacity to arrive to practical applications, a traditional exam in written form is used. In general the text will foresee some closed questions with multiple choice (generally 4), two exercises and two open questions concerning theoretical basis for the technologies or pollutant, water, soil interactions and some possibilities of technology application, in order to verify the maturity level gathered from the student. The mark of the written exam may vary from 0 to 30 and in order to access to the facultative oral it’s compulsory to gather at least 18. The oral is facultative and foresees one question concerning the arguments of the course and the mark may be increased of three points maximum. The presentation of the individual written exercise is compulsory for the written exam access. The final evaluation is based on the apprehension capacity that has been demonstrated, on the quality of presentation, on the acquired capacity to apply to specific practical cases the general indications that are introduced.