At the end of the course, the students will be familiar with analog electronics and with the electrical aspects of digital electronics, being able to: ● analyze and understand the operation of basic analog circuits; ● design small analog systems based on specifications; ● design simple power supplies for electronic circuits; ● design a digital circuit and its interface to a power load; ● understand the characteristics of classical data acquisition systems and how to dimension them based on specifications.

The students must know electrical network theory, their analysis in the time and frequency domains, the operation in the linear region of the bipolar and MOS transistors, the concept of biasing and small-signal operation, and have basic notions of signal theory and feedback. Laboratory experiments require familiarity with the operation and use of laboratory instruments: oscilloscope, power supply, signal generator.

Operational amplifiers (4 CFU) ● Structure of operational amplifiers with bipolar and MOS transistors: current mirror, differential stage, power stage ● Parasitic parameters of the operational amplifiers, frequency response, stability ● Linear circuits: amplifier, adder, instrumentation amplifier ● Power amplifiers with discrete components ● Active filters: first order, second order, higher-order; switched-capacitor filters ● Non-linear circuits: logarithmic amplifiers, ideal diodes ● Threshold comparators, waveform generators, voltage-controlled oscillators ● Sinusoidal oscillators: Wien bridge, phase shift, three-point Power supplies (1.2 CFU) ● Traditional structures with dissipative regulators ● Structures based on switching regulators Logic gates and switching circuits (2 CFU) ● Bipolar and MOS switching transistors, switches, transmission gates, CMOS gates ● Static and dynamic parameters, logic families, open drain and three-state outputs, Schmitt trigger inputs ● Power load interfaces and optical isolation ● And-Or-Invert gates, dynamic logic ● Basic sequential circuits: latches, flip-flops, counters; dynamic behavior Data acquisition systems (1 CFU) ● Review of sampling theory, quantization ● digital-to-analog converter: potentiometric, weighted resistances, ladder network ● analog-to-digital converter: flash, successive approximations, tracking ● Sample-and-hold (integrator)

The course is delivered using classroom or remote lectures and exercises (8.2 CFU), and laboratory exercises (1.8 CFU). There will be 6 experimental laboratory activities carried out in groups of four students in the LED labs — if the labs can be used at full capacity. If lab access is limited, only one student per group will have access to LED labs at a time, rotating, to allow all students to practice. If the LED labs cannot be accessed at all, then the practical experiments will be converted into simulations to be carried out remotely, as much as possible. After each laboratory, each group must prepare one group report and upload it within one week in the Elaborati tab of the course portal on http://didattica.polito.it/. The reports will be graded based on the completion of the assignment, the quality of the measurements, graphics, and images, and the quality and thoroughness of the presentation of the work, and the discussion of the results. The average of the lab marks contributes 20 % of the final exam grade (see the “Assessment and grading criteria” Section). The main lab topics are:     1. Operational amplifier characteristics     2. Instrumentation amplifier characterization     3. Active filter design     4. Triangular and square wave generator     5. Switching power converters     6. Digital-to-analog converter

Lecture notes covering all the course topics are available on the course portal, together with instructions and materials for the laboratory experiments, and exercises (including solutions). For in-depth information and discussion on the course topics are recommended the following textbooks: ● Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 7th ed., Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0199339143. ● Franco, Sergio. Design With Operational Amplifiers And Analog Integrated Circuits. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015. ● Storey, Neil. Electronics: A Systems Approach. 4th ed. Harlow, England ; New York: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009.

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Group essay;

The final exam checks the acquisition of the following skills: ● knowledge and understanding of the listed course topics; ● the ability to apply theory and calculations to problem-solving; ● laboratory practical knowledge and technical report writing. On the course portal will be made available exercises, some with solutions, to help to prepare for the exam. The exercises will be available in the course slides and notes, as separate documents in the Materiale tab of the course portal on http://didattica.polito.it/ or on the platform used for the online exams. The final exam is written and can last up to 2 hours and 30 minutes. It consists of 4 problems and 9 quizzes from any of the listed course topics. Each of the problems require applying the theory with calculations and are valued to a maximum total of 16 points. Each quiz has a question with four predefined answers, of which only one is correct. Correct answers receive 1 point each, while wrong answers receive 0 points. The quizzes can total at most 9 points. During the whole exam duration, it is forbidden to check any source of information (course notes, books, phones, colleagues or other persons, headsets, PC, etc.). Only non-programmable calculators are allowed. The laboratory reports can give up to 1 point each. The grading evaluates the quality of the experimental setup, of the measurements, of the results, and of discussion, as well as the presence and involvement in the experiments. The laboratory grades are calculated on the best 5 reports for each student. If there are not enough reports available, the missing ones will be graded 0 points. The maximum final grade is 30 points. It is made up to 25 points by the written exam and up to 5 points by the laboratory grade. To pass the exam, the grade of the written exam must be at least 60 % (15 points), and the final grade, including the laboratory marks, must be at least 18 points. The laboratory grade remains valid for final exams in any subsequent academic years. A student can reject a passing exam grade only once. The next passing grade of a student is final. Oral examination can be requested by the students to attempt to improve the exam grade, but only if they received at least 60 % at the written exam (15 points or more). The oral examination consists of up to 4 theoretical questions or simple problems to solve and discussions of related topics, aiming to ascertain the acquisition of the same skills as the written exam. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, using positive marks for good answers and negative marks for the wrong answers, including the answers to the discussions. The marks are then averaged and multiplied by 3/4 to obtain an oral exam mark of ±3 points. This is algebraically added to the grade of the written exam. The total should be at least 15 points, otherwise the exam is failed. To pass the exam, the sum between these points and the laboratory points must be at least 18. Additional oral examination can also be requested by the professor whenever it is necessary to ascertain the knowledge shown in the written exam (e.g., when there are fraud suspicions). The structure of this oral exam is the same as for the one requested by the student. But in this case, the grade of the oral exam can only decrease the final exam grade by any amount of points or leave it unchanged, as follows. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, then averaged. The maximum possible grade from the oral exam is scaled to the grade obtained by the student in the written exam. The difference between the oral exam grade and the maximum oral exam grade, scaled as above, then is subtracted from the grade of the written exam.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.

Exam: Optional oral exam; Computer-based written test using the PoliTo platform; Group project;

The final exam checks the acquisition of the following skills: ● knowledge and understanding of the listed course topics; ● the ability to apply theory and calculations to problem-solving; ● laboratory practical knowledge and technical report writing. On the course portal will be made available exercises, some with solutions, to help to prepare for the exam. The exercises will be available in the course slides and notes, as separate documents in the Materiale tab of the course portal on http://didattica.polito.it/ or on the platform used for the online exams. In the latter case, some of the exercises will be structured and formatted as an online exam to help to get familiar with the platform features, controls, and navigation. The online final exam is written using the Lockdown Browser and the Respondus proctoring. The students should provide a computer with a webcam, loudspeakers, and a good internet connection. The whole student face and hands must be always visible during the exam. The written online final exam can last up to 2 hours and 30 minutes. It consists of 4 problems and 9 quizzes from any of the listed course topics. The problems require applying the theory with calculations and are valued to a maximum total of 16 points. Each quiz has a question with four predefined answers, of which only one is correct. Correct answers receive 1 point each, while wrong answers receive 0 points. The quizzes can total at most 9 points. During the whole exam duration, it is forbidden to check any source of information (course notes, books, phones, colleagues or other persons, headsets, PC, etc.). Only non-programmable calculators are allowed. The laboratory reports can give up to 1 point each. The grading evaluates the quality of the experimental setup, of the measurements, of the results, and of discussion, as well as the involvement in the experiments. The laboratory grades are calculated on the best 5 reports for each student. If there are not enough reports available, the missing ones will be graded 0 points. The maximum final grade is 30 points. It is made up to 25 points by the written exam and up to 5 points by the laboratory grade. To pass the exam, the grade of the written exam must be at least 60 % (15 points), and the final grade, including the laboratory marks, must be at least 18 points. The laboratory grade remains valid for final exams in any subsequent academic years. A student can reject a passing exam grade only once. The next passing grade of a student is final. Oral examination can be requested by the students to attempt to improve the exam grade, but only if they received at least 60 % at the written exam (15 points or more). The oral examination consists of up to 4 theoretical questions or simple problems to solve and discussions of related topics, aiming to ascertain the acquisition of the same skills as the written exam. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, using positive marks for good answers and negative marks for the wrong answers, including the answers to the discussions. The marks are then averaged and multiplied by 3/4 to obtain an oral exam mark of ±3 points. This is algebraically added to the grade of the written exam. The total should be at least 15 points, otherwise the exam is failed. To pass the exam, the sum between these points and the laboratory points must be at least 18. Additional oral examination can also be requested by the professor whenever it is necessary to ascertain the knowledge shown in the written exam (e.g., when there are fraud suspicions). The structure of this oral exam is the same as for the one requested by the student. But in this case, the grade of the oral exam can only decrease the final exam grade by any amount of points or leave it unchanged, as follows. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, then averaged. The maximum possible grade from the oral exam is scaled to the grade obtained by the student in the written exam. The difference between the oral exam grade and the maximum oral exam grade, scaled as above, then is subtracted from the grade of the written exam.

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Group essay; Computer-based written test using the PoliTo platform;

The final exam checks the acquisition of the following skills: ● knowledge and understanding of the listed course topics; ● the ability to apply theory and calculations to problem-solving; ● laboratory practical knowledge and technical report writing. On the course portal will be made available exercises, some with solutions, to help to prepare for the exam. The exercises will be available in the course slides and notes, as separate documents in the Materiale tab of the course portal on http://didattica.polito.it/ or on the platform used for the online exams. In the latter case, some of the exercises will be structured and formatted as an online exam to help to get familiar with the platform features, controls, and navigation. The blended final exam is written, both in the classroom and remotely, the latter using the Lockdown Browser and Respondus proctoring. The remote students should provide a computer with a webcam, loudspeakers, and a good internet connection. The whole student face and hands must be always visible during the exam. The blended final exam can last up to 2 hours and 30 minutes. It consists of 4 problems and 9 quizzes from any of the listed course topics. The problems require applying the theory with calculations and are valued to a maximum total of 16 points. Each quiz has a question with four predefined answers, of which only one is correct. Correct answers receive 1 point each, while wrong answers receive 0 points. The quizzes can total at most 9 points. During the whole exam duration, it is forbidden to check any source of information (course notes, books, phones, colleagues or other persons, headsets, PC, etc.). Only non-programmable calculators are allowed. The laboratory reports can give up to 1 point each. The grading evaluates the quality of the experimental setup, of the measurements, of the results, and of discussion, as well as the presence and involvement in the experiments. The laboratory grades are calculated on the best 5 reports for each student. If there are not enough reports available, the missing ones will be graded 0 points. The maximum final grade is 30 points. It is made up to 25 points by the written exam and up to 5 points by the laboratory grade. To pass the exam, the grade of the written exam must be at least 60 % (15 points), and the final grade, including the laboratory marks, must be at least 18 points. The laboratory grade remains valid for final exams in any subsequent academic years. A student can reject a passing exam grade only once. The next passing grade of a student is final. Oral examination can be requested by the students to attempt to improve the exam grade, but only if they received at least 60 % at the written exam (15 points or more). The oral examination consists of up to 4 theoretical questions or simple problems to solve and discussions of related topics, aiming to ascertain the acquisition of the same skills as the written exam. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, using positive marks for good answers and negative marks for the wrong answers, including the answers to the discussions. The marks are then averaged and multiplied by 3/4 to obtain an oral exam mark of ±3 points. This is algebraically added to the grade of the written exam. The total should be at least 15 points, otherwise the exam is failed. To pass the exam, the sum between these points and the laboratory points must be at least 18. Additional oral examination can also be requested by the professor whenever it is necessary to ascertain the knowledge shown in the written exam (e.g., when there are fraud suspicions). The structure of this oral exam is the same as for the one requested by the student. But in this case, the grade of the oral exam can only decrease the final exam grade by any amount of points or leave it unchanged, as follows. Each topic of the oral exam is graded separately, then averaged. The maximum possible grade from the oral exam is scaled to the grade obtained by the student in the written exam. The difference between the oral exam grade and the maximum oral exam grade, scaled as above, then is subtracted from the grade of the written exam. Oral examinations can be either onsite presence or online.