Mandatory course in the Bachelor Degree program in Computer Engineering, it is held at the first semester of the third year. Its objectives are to present the basic elements of the operating systems architecture and to teach the concepts and methods of concurrent programming. The course also introduces to the operating system management by means of the shell commands, shell scripts, filters and system calls.

• Knowledge of the classification of the operating systems: Batch, Interactive, Real-time, Virtual machines • Knowledge of the operating systems architecture as a collection of resource managers • Knowledge of operating system kernel structures • Skill for using system calls for the creation, synchronization and termination of processes and threads • Skill for system administration by means of shell command, filters, scripts and system calls. At the end of this course, the student will be able - to understand concurrent programming principles, and to implement cooperating concurrent programs using processes and threads. - to use and develop applications in Linux.

• Good programming skill in C language • Knowledge of computer system architecture: in particular on the processor and memory organization • Knowledge of the interrupt mechanism and of assembler language.

• Operating system architecture (3.0h) o Operating System classification o Structure of an operating system, managed resources and modules o Operating System Kernel: possible organizations • The Linux operating system for beginners (6.0h) o User commands o System commands • The advanced Linux operating system (5.5h) o Shell o Script languages • The AWK language (3.0h) • Processes (11.0h) o Introduction to processes and concurrent programming o Advanced process control o Signals o Inter-process communication • Threads (4.5h) o Main concepts o Comparison with processes o The PThread library • Processes and thread synchronization (9.0h) o Software and hardware solutions to synchronization o Semaphore variables and primitives o Classical synchronization problems (producer and consumer, readers and writers, etc.) • High level linguistic synchronization constructs o Conditions variables and primitives (1.5h) • Deadlock (1.5h) • Laboratory practice (15h)

The class can be divided into theory lectures, practice lessons and laboratories. There is no formal distinction between theory and practice as almost all course topics involve theory and practice aspects developed during the classroom lessons by the teacher. Laboratories (about 15 hours overall) allow students to solve typical problems (with complex commands, filters, scripting or C programs on a Linux personal computer) and applying all theory and practice aspects analyzed during the classroom lessons.

The reference texts, covering most, but not all, topics are: • A. Silbershatz, P. Galvin, G. Gagne, “Operating System concepts”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. • W. R. Stevens "Advanced programming in the UNIX Environment", Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Additionally the lessons' handouts, laboratory manuals, and solved exercises are available from the course Web site.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula);

Exam: Written test;

... The exam includes a written test. The test lasts 100 minutes and includes two parts: • three/four exercises and/or questions related to topics presented in the lectures • two/three exercises related to topics developed during the classroom and laboratory practices. Those usually involve concurrent programming, shell commands, script programs, etc. During the exam it is not possible to use any book or note. The written tests is evaluated as follows: • Each exercise has a weight equal to 6 points, with a final total mark of 36 (6x6=36) • Both the theory and the practice parts have a threshold equal to about 50% of the corresponding global mark. The exam is passed only if both parts receive a pass grade. • The final mark is obtained by the sum of all exercises marks.

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam consists of a written test. The written test is carried out by means of a computer, using the university platform "Exam". Depending on the sanitary situation, the exam is taken either onsite, i.e., in one of the laboratories, or online, i.e., remotely. In the first case, the instructors provide the required assistance and control activity, directly in the laboratories. In the second one, the exam is taken integrating the "Exam" platform with the proctoring tools available within the portal system. All students have to read the University regulations related to the exams and to obtain the necessary hardware and software tools needed for it. In the case of problems of infrastructural nature, students must promptly communicate the problem via email no later than one hour after the end of the test. All students are required to respect the ethical code defined by the University. If irregularities are found, the professors reserve the right to perform an oral verification on all topics of the course. The written test includes from 6 to 18 open or close questions. These questions are related to all topics presented in the lectures or developed during the classroom and laboratory practices. These usually involve showing the acquired knowledge in terms of shell commands, script programs, and concurrent programming. The test lasts about 110 minutes. Books, overheads, and notes are not allowed. Laptops, cellular phones, etc. are forbidden. The reference notes deemed as necessary (such as the ones on Linux shell commands, BASH shell scripts, and the Pthreads library) will be made directly available within the "Exam" platform. The written test is evaluated up to 36 points. All marks larger or equal to 32 or 33 (depending on the written text) will be automatically converted in 30 with honor.

Modalità di esame: Test informatizzato in laboratorio; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

The exam consists of a written test. The written test is carried out by means of a computer, using the university platform "Exam". Depending on the sanitary situation, the exam is taken either onsite, i.e., in one of the laboratories, or online, i.e., remotely. In the first case, the instructors provide the required assistance and control activity, directly in the laboratories. In the second one, the exam is taken integrating the "Exam" platform with the proctoring tools available within the portal system. All students have to read the University regulations related to the exams and to obtain the necessary hardware and software tools needed for it. In the case of problems of infrastructural nature, students must promptly communicate the problem via email no later than one hour after the end of the test. All students are required to respect the ethical code defined by the University. If irregularities are found, the professors reserve the right to perform an oral verification on all topics of the course. The written test includes from 6 to 18 open or close questions. These questions are related to all topics presented in the lectures or developed during the classroom and laboratory practices. These usually involve showing the acquired knowledge in terms of shell commands, script programs, and concurrent programming. The test lasts about 110 minutes. Books, overheads, and notes are not allowed. Laptops, cellular phones, etc. are forbidden. The reference notes deemed as necessary (such as the ones on Linux shell commands, BASH shell scripts, and the Pthreads library) will be made directly available within the "Exam" platform. The written test is evaluated up to 36 points. All marks larger or equal to 32 or 33 (depending on the written text) will be automatically converted in 30 with honor.