The aim of the course is to provide the basis for the comprehension of the methods and procedures the finite element method and the multi body analysis are based on. The basic knowledge acquired during the course will give the student the possibility to explore the possible applications of the methods to solve engineering problems with particular attention to the structural field.

Students attending the course will learn about the wide capabilities of the numerical methods in the virtual simulation of the behaviour of structures and automotive systems. On successfully completing this course unit, students will be able to solve structural (static and dynamic) problems of simple complexity by using commercial codes widely present in industries. For example, they will be able to: - prepare the numerical models of simple structures and multi body systems - set up the boundary conditions for static and quasi-static analyses - critically analyse the results of a virtual simulation and verify their reliability

Students attending the course must have the basic knowledge of geometry and numerical calculation. Moreover, they should be able to: - evaluate the static equilibrium of frames with prescribed boundary conditions - evaluate the stress and strain state of loaded beams within frameworks - analyse kinematics and dynamics of a single rigid body

Part A 1. Introduction to the Computational Mechanics and the Finite Element Method 2. Structural analysis by matrix calculus Basic concepts: stiffness and compliances, nodes, general displacements and force vectors Evaluation of the stiffness matrices of the elements (rods, beams) Assembly of the stiffness matrix of a structure: change of the reference system and application of the boundary conditions Solution of linear equation systems 3. The Finite Element Method in the linear static field Introduction to the basic procedure used to define and to solve a problem with FEM General formulation: principle of virtual work for structural problems Rod element Plane elements (3 and 4 nodes) Considerations about linear elements, higher order elements Solid elements Beam elements: Eulero and Timoshenko formulation, locking phenomenon Shell elements: Kirchhoff and Mindlin formulation, locking phenomenon Isoparametric formulation Strategies for improving the accuracy of the solution 4. Introduction to the Finite Elements Method in the linear dynamic analysis Part B 1. Multi-body systems Reference systems for rigid bodies Position and orientation of coordinate systems Change of coordinates Positioning homogeneous matrixes, translation, rotation, rotation about an arbitrary axis Kinematics transformations Reference system and angular velocity with Euler angles Examples of application 2. Kinematic of an open chain multi-body system Denavit-Hartenberg’s convention to define the links frames in an open kinematic chain Recursive formulation of velocity and acceleration in an open kinematic chain multi-body system Examples of application 3. Dynamics of an open chain multi-body system Newton-Euler equations of motion Recursive formulation Examples of applications 4. Inertial properties of rigid bodies Single body: inertial tensor, principal axis of inertia and their orientation Determination of the orientation of the principal axes of inertia Complex body: mass center position and principal axes of inertia Moment of inertia about a generic axis Examples of applications

The course is organized in frontal lectures, classroom practices and laboratory practices. The frontal lectures concern the theory part of the course syllabus. The classroom practices concern the execution of exercises on the matrix calculus. These exercises are preparatory for a part of the exam. The laboratory practices concern the use of a widely used software for FEM pre- and post-processing phases (mesh generation, data pre-processing, problem solution, post-processing). During the laboratory practices the Finite Element Method is used to analyse simple structures in linear elastic hypothesis and considering static loading conditions. All the parts in which the course is structured can be followed without significant differences in presence or remotely.

PART A Notes prepared by the teaching staff about the theory, the classroom practices and the laboratory practices will be available for the enrolled students. This material is sufficient to successfully take the exam. Additional reference book for further study on the subject are: - Cook R.D., Malkus D.S., Plesha M.E. Concepts and applications of Finite Element Analysis, Wiley - Bathe K.J. Finite Element Procedures - Reddy, J.N. An introduction to the finite element method, McGraw-Hill

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam; Group project;

... To verify the expected learning outcomes, the exam of the Numerical Modelling and Simulation course is made up of: - A written exam - 2 laboratory reports - An optional oral exam (only on student’s request) Written exam (27 points: 13 for part A + 14 for part B): The written exam is divided in two separate parts as the structure of the course (part A and part B). For what concerns the part A of the course, the written exam is aimed to: - verify the capability of the student to evaluate the stress and displacements field of a simplified structure applying the matrix calculus - verify the knowledge of the main types of finite element and their differences in terms of description capability - verify the knowledge of the strategies used in the commercial codes for the application of the FEM theory - verify the capability improving the accuracy of the solution of a numerical model To this aim, the written exam of the part A is made up of: - one exercise where it is requested to evaluate the stress and displacements field of a simple structure by using the matrix calculus (5 points). The evaluation of the exercise is based not only on the correctness of the numerical values but also on the ability to describe clearly, precisely and rationally, the steps followed to get the numerical results. - two open questions about the theory of the finite element method (6 points in total). The evaluation of the theory questions is based on the correctness of the answer, the relevance of the information provided, the ability to respond clearly, precisely and rationally, adequately motivating the arguments produced. - one or two short answer questions about the use of the commercial code used for the finite element analysis carried out during the laboratory practice (2 points in total). The evaluation of these short questions is based on the correctness of the answer. General aspects for the written exam: - The two parts of the written exam are carried out separately - The duration of each part of the written exam is 1.5 hours - The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 27/30 - It is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff in the text of the exam - It is strictly forbidden to use any web connection, therefore no electronic devices (computers or calculators with connection devices of any kind, mobile phones, smartphones, smartwatches, etc.) of any kind are allowed for any data retrieval or for any communication purpose during the exam - It is possible to use a pocket calculator that cannot be connected to internet. The use of any other type of electronic device is strictly forbidden worth the cancellation of the exam - The student must use, also for the draft, only the sheets with the stamp of the Politecnico di Torino that will be provided by the teaching staff - It is strictly forbidden to communicate with other people inside or outside the classroom in any way and for any reason - The student can verify his/her written exam and any errors in a public meeting fixed for the registration of the exam. The meeting will be scheduled by the teaching staff after the written exam and the schedule will be communicated when the scores of the exam will be available Laboratory reports: The aim of the laboratory reports is to verify the knowledges about the strategies used in the commercial codes for the application of FEM theory to real cases. The reports are also used by the teaching staff to verify the acquired ability defining the most convenient type of discretization of a real problem and the most convenient boundary conditions to simulate the reality. Moreover, the critical thinking and the autonomy of judgment to analyse the results of a numerical simulation, evaluating their reliability and defining possible strategies to improve their accuracy, is also evaluated. The two reports concern, separately, the two parts of the course. In the laboratory reports the student has to describe the procedures followed to perform the numerical analysis and the obtained results. The results have to be critically commented and discussed by the student. The evaluation of the reports is based on: - the amount of work carried out - the correctness and the reliability of the results - the ability of the student to summarize the descriptions of the procedures - the ability of the student to critically analyse the results For the part A, the requested report consists in a short technical presentation (3 points). - The laboratory reports must be submitted within a defined deadline - The laboratory reports must be submitted with upload operation on the course webpage (“Portale della Didattica”) - The deadline for the upload of the laboratory reports is mandatory: laboratory reports uploaded after the deadline will not be taken into consideration for any reason - The deadline for the laboratory reports will be communicated through the webpage of the course (“Portale della Didattica”) - If even just one of the two laboratory reports will be missing, the maximum score of the written exam will be automatically reduced to 24/30 - The laboratory reports can be done by teams of students: the teams must have a maximum number of students equal to 3 Optional oral exam: From the assessment point of view, the optional oral exam has the same targets of the written exam. It consists in 2÷4 questions on the contents of the complete course (theory, classroom practice, laboratory practice of both part A and part B) - The optional oral exam must be attended at the same date of the exam registration of the written exam - The optional oral exam can be carried out only by student having a minimum score on the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score of the laboratory report of 18/30 - The optional oral exam is evaluated with a maximum score of 30/30 General rules: - The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 27/30 - The final score of the exam is given by the sum between the score of the written exam (the score of the part A plus the score of the part B) plus the score for the laboratory reports - If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam is given by the mean score between: - the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score for the laboratory reports - the optional oral exam - The minimum score to pass the exam is 18/30 - A score larger than 30/30 will be registered as 30/30 with laude - Only the total score of the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) can be rejected whereas the score of the written exam of a single part cannot be rejected. The score of the written exam can be rejected at every exam session. If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam cannot be rejected - The student must verify that they are properly enrolled in the exam. Only student regularly enrolled can carried out the exam 

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.

Modalità di esame: Prova orale facoltativa; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

To verify the expected learning outcomes, the exam of the Numerical Modelling and Simulation course is made up of: - A written exam - 2 laboratory reports - An optional oral exam (only on student’s request) Written exam: The written exam is divided in two separate parts (part A and part B). For what concerns the part A of the course, the written exam is aimed to verify: - the capability to solve simple structural problems by matrix calculus - the knowledges about the theory of the finite element method - the knowledges about the commercial codes used for the finite element analysis carried out during the laboratory practice To this aim, the written exam of the part A is made up of: - one exercise about the solution of simple structural problems by matrix calculus - two open questions about the theory of the finite element method - one or two short answer questions about the use of commercial codes used for the finite element analysis carried out during the laboratory practice For what concerns the part B of the course, the written exam is aimed to verify: - the capability to solve problems of positioning, kinematic and dynamic of rigid bodies by matrix calculus - the knowledges about the kinematics and dynamic of a multi body system - the knowledges about the computing procedures in multi body dynamics To this aim, the written exam of the part B can be made up of: - one or two exercises with matrix calculus to solve positioning, kinematic and dynamic problems - one or two questions about the theory of the multi body dynamics - The two parts of the written exam will be carried out separately - The duration of each part of the written exam is 1.5 hours - The maximum score of each part is 14/30. The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 28/30 - The written exam will be carried out via PC by using the Polito exam platform integrated with proctoring tools (Respondus) - The general procedure for this type of exam is provided by the Politecnico di Torino For what concerns the part A of the written exam: - The answers could be carried out totally or in part on paper sheets - During the exam, the student cannot leave the desk and the workstation, moreover he has to be always clearly visible by the webcam - The configuration of the Respondus systems is quite long, therefore during the course some tests will be organized using also the general example that is provided to the student by the Politecnico di Torino - During the written exam, the webcam has to capture the desk where the student will take the exam and the student himself (full image). This configuration is quite difficult to get but it is strictly necessary: therefore during the course some tests will be organized - During the written exam, on the desk it is possible to keep only few things: a detailed list will be provided by the teaching staff - It is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff in the text of the questions - An electronic calculator will be available in the text of the exercise - On the desk of the student, his smartphone must be clearly visible. The smartphone must be switched on because it will be necessary at the end of the test. It must be muted and with its screen oriented to the surface of the table - At the end of the test, when the student finishes to write and before to submit the test, the student has to scan the sheets with his smartphone, following a specific procedure that will be provided by the teaching staff. To this aim, some tests will be organized during the course - For each answer written totally or in part on the sheet, the student must take a picture of the sheet where the answer is written, using the webcam. This picture will be attached to the answer on the exam platform. To this aim, a specific command is present in the panel for the answer - The student can verify his written exam and any errors in a virtual classroom fixed by the teaching staff. The schedule of the virtual classroom will be communicated when the results of the exam will be available For what concerns the part B of the written exam: - During the exam, the student cannot leave the desk and the workstation, moreover he has to be always clearly visible by the webcam. - The webcam has to capture the desk where the student will take the exam and the student himself. - In the written exam it is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff in the text of the questions. - You can use a pocket calculator that cannot be connected to internet. - Your smartphone has to switched on (it will be necessary at the end of the test), muted, and its screen has to be oriented toward the surface of the table. - For each question it is required to do one picture of the written answer by the webcam. It is possible to add more pictures for each question. Each picture can be repeated more time before to select it. During the exam are no allowed attached files. - For an acceptable quality of the picture the sheet must be approached to the camera. Sheets of size A5 are preferable for this operation (A5 is half sheet A4). - Just after the conclusion of the exam it is required to upload ONE (only one) pdf file for the whole solution (your written sheets) on "Elaborati" section of Portale della Didattica. Number each written sheet before to take the photo of the written sheets with your smartphone. - The additional file will be useful in case of no good resolution of the pictures during the test with Respondus platform. Only the solution visible in the picture will be considered for the verification of the solution on the additional pdf file. Format different than pdf type or multiple files will be not considered. Laboratory reports: The aim of the laboratory reports is to verify the knowledges about the use of the commercial codes used for the laboratory practices. The two reports concern, separately, the two parts of the course. In the laboratory reports the students have to show the procedures followed to perform the numerical analysis and the obtained results. The results have to be critically commented and discussed by the students. The requested reports consist: - For the part A, in a short technical presentation. The report has to be made in .pptx format (or similar) and it must be submitted in .pdf format - For the part B, the report can be made in .docx format (or similar) and it must submitted in .pdf format - The maximum score of each report is 2/30 - The laboratory reports must be submitted within a defined deadline - The laboratory report must be submitted with upload operation on the course webpage (“Portale della Didattica”) - The deadline for the upload of the laboratory reports is mandatory: laboratory reports uploaded after the deadline will not be taken into consideration for any reason - The deadline for the laboratory reports will be communicated through the webpage of the course (“Portale della Didattica”) - If even just one of the two laboratory reports will be missing, the maximum score of the written exam will be automatically reduced to 24/30 - The laboratory reports can be done by teams of students: the teams must have a maximum number of students equal to 3 - A single upload has to be made for each student’s team. On the technical report the members of the student’s team have to be clearly indicated Optional oral exam: The optional oral exam has the same targets of the written exam. It consists in 2÷4 questions on the contents of the complete course (theory, classroom practice, laboratory practice of both part A and part B) - The optional oral exam must be attended at the same date of the exam registration of the written exam - The optional oral exam can be carried out only by students having a minimum score on the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score of the laboratory report of 18/30 - The optional oral exam is evaluated with a maximum score of 30/30 - The optional oral exam will be carried out using a video communication system. The general procedure for oral examination is provided by the Politecnico di Torino. More details will be provided during the course by the teaching staff General rules: - The maximum score of each part is 14/30. The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 28/30 - The final score of the exam is given by the sum between the score of the written exam (the score of the part A plus the score of the part B) plus the score for the laboratory reports - If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam is given by the mean score between: - the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score for the laboratory reports - the optional oral exam (if applicable) - The minimum score to pass the exam is 18/30 - A score larger than 30/30 will be registered as 30/30 with laude - Only the total score of the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) can be rejected whereas the score of the written exam of a single part cannot be rejected. The score of the written exam can be rejected at every exam. If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam cannot be rejected. - Students must verify that they are properly enrolled in the exam. Only student regularly enrolled can carried out the exam - Students must check, well in advance, that they are equipped with the adequate means to take the exam according to the exam procedure proposed by the teaching staff (personal computer equipped with webcam or tablet, browser, network connection suitable for videoconferencing). To this aim, some tests will be organized during the course - The starting time of the exam is published on the teaching portal (Portale della Didattica) or communicated by professors (Italian time zone - CEST). Students are required to respect the start time of the test by checking the functionality of the necessary devices in time. - Participation in the exam implies acceptance of the examination procedures defined by Politecnico, including video recording to ensure the regularity of the written test. - All students are required to comply with the University's Code of Ethical Conduct of the Politecnico di Torino

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale facoltativa; Prova scritta tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Assessment and grading criteria for blended exam (online and onsite) To verify the expected learning outcomes, the exam of the Numerical Modelling and Simulation course is made up of: - A written exam - 2 laboratory reports - An optional oral exam (only on student’s request) Written exam: The written exam is divided in two separate parts (part A and part B). For what concerns the part A of the course, the written exam is aimed to verify: - the capability to solve simple structural problems by matrix calculus - the knowledges about the theory of the finite element method - the knowledges about the commercial codes used for the finite element analysis carried out during the laboratory practice To this aim, the written exam of the part A is made up of: - one exercise about the solution of simple structural problems by matrix calculus - two open questions about the theory of the finite element method - one or two short answer questions about the use of commercial codes used for the finite element analysis carried out during the laboratory practice For what concerns the part B of the course, the written exam is aimed to verify: - the capability to solve problems of positioning, kinematic and dynamic of rigid bodies by matrix calculus - the knowledges about the kinematics and dynamic of a multi body system with open chain - the knowledges about the computing procedure in multi body dynamics To this aim, the written exam of the part B can be made up of: - one or two exercises with matrix calculus to solve positioning, kinematic and dynamic problems - one or two questions about the theory of the multi body dynamics - The two parts of the written exam will be carried out separately - The duration of each part of the written exam is 1.5 hours - The maximum score of each part is 14/30. The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 28/30 - The written exam will be carried out: - via PC by using the Polito exam platform integrated with proctoring tools (Respondus) for students which will attend the exam online - in classroom with traditional paper sheets, for students which will attend the exam onsite Online exam: - The general procedure for the online exam is provided by the Politecnico di Torino For what concerns the part A of the written exam: - The answers could be carried out totally or in part on paper sheets - During the exam, the student cannot leave the desk and the workstation, moreover he has to be always clearly visible by the webcam - The configuration of the Respondus systems is quite long, therefore during the course some tests will be organized using also the general example that is provided to the student by the Politecnico di Torino - During the written exam, the webcam has to capture the desk where the student will take the exam and the student himself (full image). This configuration is quite difficult to get but it is strictly necessary: therefore during the course some tests will be organized - During the written exam, on the desk it is possible to keep only few things: a detailed list will be provided by the teaching staff - It is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff in the text of the questions - An electronic calculator will be available in the text of the exercise - On the desk of the student, his smartphone must be clearly visible. The smartphone must be switched on because it will be necessary at the end of the test. It must be muted and with its screen oriented to the surface of the table - At the end of the test, when the student finishes to write and before to submit the test, the student has to scan the sheets with his smartphone, following a specific procedure that will be provided by the teaching staff. To this aim, some tests will be organized during the course - For each answer written totally or in part on the sheet, the student must take a picture of the sheet where the answer is written, using the webcam. This picture will be attached to the answer on the exam platform. To this aim, a specific command is present in the panel for the answer - The student can verify his written exam and any errors in a virtual classroom fixed by the teaching staff. The schedule of the virtual classroom will be communicated when the results of the exam will be available For what concerns the part B of the written exam: - During the exam, the student cannot leave the desk and the workstation, moreover he has to be always clearly visible by the webcam. - The webcam has to capture the desk where the student will take the exam and the student himself. - In the written exam it is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff in the text of the questions. - You can use a pocket calculator that cannot be connected to internet. - Your smartphone has to switched on (it will be necessary at the end of the test), muted, and its screen has to be oriented toward the surface of the table. - For each question it is required to do one picture of the written answer by the webcam. It is possible to add more pictures for each question. Each picture can be repeated more time before to select it. During the exam are no allowed attached files. - For an acceptable quality of the picture the sheet must be approached to the camera. Sheets of size A5 are preferable for this operation (A5 is half sheet A4). - Just after the conclusion of the exam it is required to upload ONE (only one) pdf file for the whole solution (your written sheets) on "Elaborati" section of Portale della Didattica. Number each written sheet before to take the photo of the written sheets with your smartphone. - The additional file will be useful in case of no good resolution of the pictures during the test with Respondus platform. Only the solution visible in the picture will be considered for the verification of the solution on the additional pdf file. Format different than pdf type or multiple files will be not considered. Onsite exam For both the part A and B of the written exam: - It is forbidden the use of books or any type of notes. If necessary, a formulary will be provided by the teaching staff - During the exam it is strictly forbidden to use any web connection, therefore no electronic devices (computers or calculators with connection devices of any kind, mobile phones, smartphones, smartwatches, etc.) of any kind are allowed for any data retrieval or for any communication purpose during the exam - It is allowed the use of a calculator (that cannot be connected to internet). The use of any other type of electronic device is strictly forbidden worth the cancellation of the exam - The students must use, also for the draft, only the sheets with the stamp of the Politecnico di Torino that will be provided by the teaching staff - It is strictly forbidden to speak with other people inside or outside the classroom in any way and for any reason Laboratory reports: The aim of the laboratory reports is to verify the knowledges about the use of the commercial codes used for the laboratory practices. The two reports concern, separately, the two parts of the course. In the laboratory reports the students have to show the procedures followed to perform the numerical analysis and the obtained results. The results have to be critically commented and discussed by the students. The requested reports consist: - For the part A, in a short technical presentation. The report has to be made in .pptx format (or similar) and it must be submitted in .pdf format - For the part B, the report can be made in .docx format (or similar) and it must submitted in .pdf format - The maximum score of each report is 2/30 - The laboratory reports must be submitted within a defined deadline - The laboratory report must be submitted with upload operation on the course webpage (“Portale della Didattica”) - The deadline for the upload of the laboratory reports is mandatory: laboratory reports uploaded after the deadline will not be taken into consideration for any reason - The deadline for the laboratory reports will be communicated through the webpage of the course (“Portale della Didattica”) - If even just one of the two laboratory reports will be missing, the maximum score of the written exam will be automatically reduced to 24/30 - The laboratory reports can be done by teams of students: the teams must have a maximum number of students equal to 3 - A single upload has to be made for each student’s team. On the technical report the members of the student’s team have to be clearly indicated Optional oral exam: The optional oral exam has the same targets of the written exam. It consists in 2÷4 questions on the contents of the complete course (theory, classroom practice, laboratory practice of both part A and part B) - The optional oral exam must be attended at the same date of the exam registration of the written exam - The optional oral exam can be carried out only by students having a minimum score on the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score of the laboratory report of 18/30 - The optional oral exam is evaluated with a maximum score of 30/30 - The optional oral exam will be carried out - via PC using a video communication system. The general procedure for oral examination is provided by the Politecnico di Torino. More details will be provided during the course by the teaching staff for students which will attend the exam online - in classroom with traditional execution, for students which will attend the exam onsite General rules: - The maximum score of each part is 14/30. The total score of the written exam is made up of the sum of the score of the two parts. Therefore, the maximum score of the written exam is 28/30 - The final score of the exam is given by the sum between the score of the written exam (the score of the part A plus the score of the part B) plus the score for the laboratory reports - If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam is given by the mean score between: - the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) + the score for the laboratory reports - the optional oral exam (if applicable) - The minimum score to pass the exam is 18/30 - A score larger than 30/30 will be registered as 30/30 with laude - Only the total score of the written exam (score of the part A + score of the part B) can be rejected whereas the score of the written exam of a single part cannot be rejected. The score of the written exam can be rejected at every exam. If the student decides to attend the optional oral exam, the final score of the exam cannot be rejected. - Students must verify that they are properly enrolled in the exam. Only student regularly enrolled can carried out the exam - The students which will held the exam online must check, well in advance, that they are equipped with the adequate means to take the exam according to the exam procedure proposed by the teaching staff (personal computer equipped with webcam or tablet, browser, network connection suitable for videoconferencing). To this aim, some tests will be organized during the course -The starting time of the exam is published on the teaching portal (Portale della Didattica) or communicated by professors (Italian time zone - CEST). Students are required to respect the start time of the test by checking the functionality of the necessary devices in time. - Participation in the online exam implies acceptance of the examination procedures defined by Politecnico, including video recording to ensure the regularity of the written test. - All students are required to comply with the University's Code of Ethical Conduct of the Politecnico di Torino