The Atelier develops the project of adaptive reuse of the architectural heritage at the scale of the building and its context integrating the disciplines of the architectural design, technology and construction science. The intervention on the building is the objective of the specific observations carried out from each discipline, which are placed in dialogue by the project. The Atelier encourages the student to investigate the complexity of the built heritage and its characters, to adopt representation tools to communicate the observations developed at the different scales and to set up simplified structural models. The course aims at training an architect aware of the complexity of the project of adaptive reuse of dismissed or less used architectural heritage. At the end of the Atelier, the student increases his or her ability to intervene on the built heritage, with particular attention to its interpretation, to the sustainability and compatibility of the intervention of transformation, to the appropriate integration of new constructions to insert new temporary or permanent activities, enhancing the architectural heritage and its context. The spatial synthesis of the innovative components of the project and the potentialities of the built heritage is the main theme of the Atelier.

Acquisition of critical and analytical skills in the management of the design process and in relation to issues such as recovery, transformation, adaptive reuse, redevelopment of the built heritage, in terms of the enhancement of the available cultural resources and compliance with the criteria of stability and static suitability, sustainability, compatibility and proportionality; knowledge and abilities in managing the interdisciplinary aspects of the architectural project at the scale of the architectural artefact (formal, functional, constructive, technological, social). Students acquire: - Awareness of the complexity of "building within the built" interpreted as an indispensable opportunity aimed at minimizing land consumption and reducing environmental impacts. - Ability to interpret the potentialities of the adaptive reuse of underutilized or abandoned heritage with particular attention to the evaluation of its technical and distributive components, to the renovation of indoor and outdoor spaces, to the application of compatible and sustainable techniques. - Ability to interpret and solve problems related to the transformation of heritage and to develop architectural projects that are able to improve the quality of the built heritage, enhancing the environment and the historical and cultural resources of any context. -critically address the problems related to the assessment and design of structural intervention on existing buildings (masonry, reinforced concrete and steel), from the point of view of stability and safety. - ability to apply the design and structural assessment methods on existing buildings. - ability to critically assess the structural safety degree of the existing buildings. - analysis of the building technological systems and critical ability to establish intervention strategies according to a performance-based approach. - design of the intervention for the refurbishment of the building envelope up to the executable detail - accessibility and overcoming of physical and perceptive barriers according to the principles of universal design. The evaluation of knowledge takes place through intermediate and final reviews, in which particular attention is paid to the ability to integrate the acquired knowledge to the proposed solutions. The student has to show the ability to relate to the different rationalities and uses of language expressed by the social actors involved in the design theme and to argue this awareness in the final art-board and in their oral presentation. In the evaluation of the knowledge acquired, particular attention is paid to the ability to face the project issues at the different scales, to develop logical argumentations on their solution and to finalize formal and technical considerations through the spatial synthesis of the renewal of the architectural project. In addition, the students are expected to justify the design choices addressing the bibliographic references of the course.

The student must have an adequate personal knowledge deriving from the exams in the areas of architectural design, architectural technology, statics and construction science provided in the degree program in Architecture (Class L-17). Furthermore, in relation to the Master’s Degree Course, the student must manage the knowledge deriving from previous Ateliers and from the Laboratory of Historical architecture: constructions systems and strengthening criteria. The skills required are: - Ability to interpret structural and technical architectural typologies in relation to their historical classification. - Ability to analyse needs and performances of each part of the building, evaluating the available resources and verifying the correspondence between declared objectives and adopted solutions. - Ability to identify roles and construction methods of each part of the building system. - Ability to recognize, understand, interpret and represent the construction systems of buildings. - Ability to understand and express the language of each of the three disciplines involved in the atelier both at the graphic and oral levels. -Fundamentals of Statics and Structural Mechanics, assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structural elements. - Ability to interpret technological projects of the building envelope at the detailed scales, knowledge of the most common traditional and contemporary technological systems.

The Atelier develops the adaptive reuse project of the built heritage that shows recognizable traces of tangible stratifications susceptible of reinterpretation, recovery and functional integration. Knowledge that is necessary for the elaboration of the project is acquired through single-disciplinary lectures, having a direct application on the project activities, and one or more multidisciplinary exercises conducted on specific themes or case studies. Depending on the specific case study, the following topics will be developed through lectures and exercises: technological analysis of the building, aimed at recognizing the existing construction systems; project of sustainable intervention compatible with the built heritage; buildings and open spaces accessibility project. Simplified design structures will be developed, with the aim of acquiring the related ability in the evaluation of the related problems; methodologies for the rapid sizing of the most recurrent cases will also be discussed. The course will focused on a case study of a large dismissed building to be adapt to host a new functional purpose. A particular focus will be given to 1) the adaptive reuse approaches appropriate according to the morphology of structural systems and the building decay and completeness. 2) The morphological, structural, technological relationships between old and new in delivering the more appropriate adaptive reuse project. 3) The old and new construction materials, in terms of embodied energy, as relevant to foster sustainability. In terms of structural and buildings engineering, the course aims at integrating the basic skills of the students with the main aspects for the analysis and design of masonry structures, steel and reinforced concrete frames, flat floors and reticular roofs or shells, basics of foundation systems, and the understanding of their mechanical behavior. Particular attention will be given to study masonry structures, as they most characterize the existing buildings of the architectural heritage, by deepening the static behavior of towers, arch bridges and arches, vaults and domes in general. Moreover, the structural damage will be interpreted for the purpose of planning the principal strengthening interventions. A second applicative part will follow this first theoretical training, in which the students, using a finite element method commercial software, will analyze examples of existing buildings to identify and understand their peculiarities and critical issues.

The architectural design process will be carried out at different scales, from the urban and landscape relations to the construction detail. The first 3 weeks will be focused the urban scale analysis to define a general master plan for a case study of a dismissed buildings complex with an extended construction chronology, allowing comparative analyses in terms of distribution, spatial organization, construction and materials. In this early stage students will work in large groups. The fourth week will be focused on the survey of the case study building, assigned to small groups (3 students max) that will be rendered both graphically and with the production of a physical model. Then, the atelier will conceptualize on the analysis and design of adaptive reuse interventions of each building part to define the reuse approach based on technological appropriateness, architectural and usable quality, and functional and energy sustainability of the design intervention and its materials. The architecture technology module is organized into lessons on building refurbishment and accessibility for the first three weeks, also through the illustration of case studies. After the survey of the case study building, the activities will proceed in parallel with the other disciplines with the technological analysis of the building, the development of an intervention strategy for the building refurbishment and the detailed design of the interventions with a focus on the building envelope and its performance adaptation. The part of the course concerning structures will be organized into the following lectures. 1)General information about masonries (typological aspects and classification; materials and constitutive laws); (2h, 0.2 CFU). 2) Steel and reinforced concrete frames (typological aspects, structural analysis); (2h, 0.2 CFU). 3)Tall building, Diagrids and Tubolar structures (typological aspects, structural analysis); (2h, 0.2 CFU). 4) Arches analysis (typological aspects of the arches; calculation of the rigid and elastic arches); (2h, 0.2 CFU). 5) Study of vaults and domes (typological aspects of vaults and domes, and their historical development; double curved vaults; revolution vaults; membranes and thin shells); (2h, 0.2 CFU). 6) Study of existing masonry bridges; (2h, 0.2 CFU). 7) Study of existing masonry towers; (2h, 0.2 CFU). 8) Elements of dynamics and seismic behaviour of structures; (2h, 0.2 CFU). 9)Stability problems and restoration of existing structures, damage in masonry, strengthening techniques; (4h, 0.4 CFU). 10) Use of a commercial structural software for the structural assessment and design; (4h, 0.4 CFU). 11) Assisted design: the students analyze their own case study with the support of the professor, carrying out by the software the sensitivity analysis of the structural response depending on the input data (structural optimization) and developing their project on the structural restoration; (16h, 1.6 CFU)

Architectural Design -Baum, M., and K. Christiaanse. City as Loft: Adaptive Reuse as a Resource for Sustainable Urban Development. Benjamin, D.N. Embodied Energy and Design: Making Architecture Between Metrics and Narratives. Columbia University GSAPP, 2017 -Boesch, M., L. Lupini, and J.F. Machado. Yellowred: On Reused Architecture. Mendrisio Academy Press / Silvana Editoriale, 2019. -Brand, S. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built. London: Penguin Publishing Group, 1995. -Brooker, G., and S. Stone. Re-Readings: 2: Interior Architecture and the Principles of Remodelling Existing Buildings. RIBA Publishing, 2019. -Cairns, S., and J.M. Jacobs. Buildings Must Die: A Perverse View of Architecture. Mit Press. MIT Press, 2014. -Douglas, J. Building Adaptation. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006. -Hurol, Y. The Tectonics of Structural Systems: An Architectural Approach. Taylor & Francis, 2015. -Jäger, F.P. Old & New: Design Manual for Revitalizing Existing Buildings. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2010. -Koolhaas, R., J. Otero-Pailos, M. Wigley, and J. Carver. Preservation Is Overtaking Us. GSAPP Transcripts. GSAPP Books, 2014. -Plevoets, Bie, and Koenraad Van Cleempoel. Adaptive Reuse of the Built Heritage: Concepts and Cases of an Emerging Discipline. London: Routledge, 2019. -Robiglio, Matteo. RE-USA, 20 American Stories of Adaptive Reuse, A Toolkit for Post-Industrial Cities. Berlin: Jovis, 2017. -Venturi, R., A. Drexler, M. Stierli, V. Scully, Museum of Modern Art. Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. New York, Museum of Modern Art, 1977. -Wong, L. Adaptive Reuse. Extending the Lives of Buildings. Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag AG, 2016 Structural engineering - Carpinteri, A., Structural Mechanics Fundamentals, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (2014), XIV + 498. - Carpinteri, A., Advanced Structural Mechanics, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (2017), XIV + 531. - Benvenuto E., An Introduction to the History of Structural Mechanics Part I: Statics and Resistance of Solids, Springer New York, NY (1991), XXI + 306 - Benvenuto, E., An Introduction to the History of Structural Mechanics Part II: Vaulted Structures and Elastic Systems, Springer New York, NY (1991), XXI + 255 - Billington, D. P., The Tower and the Bridge: The New Art of Structural Engineering, Princeton University Press, Princeton (1985). - Como, M., Statics of Historic Masonry Constructions, Springer Cham (2016), XVIII + 619. - EN 1991 Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures; - EN 1992 Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures; - EN 1993 Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures; - EN 1994 Eurocode 4 : Design of composite steel and concrete structures; - EN 1995 Eurocode 5 : Design of timber structures; - EN 1996 Eurocode 6 : Design of masonry structures; - EN 1997 Eurocode 7 : Geotechnical design; - EN 1998 Eurocode 8 : Design of structures for earthquake resistance; - EN 1999 Eurocode 9 : Design of aluminium structures. Architectural Technology - DO.CO.MO.MO International, The fair face of Concrete, conservation and repair of exposed concrete, april 1997. - DO.CO.MO.MO International, Re-framing the Moderns, substitute windows and glass, april 2000. - Susan Macdonald and Gail Ostergren (editors), Conserving Twentieth-Century Built Heritage A Bibliography Second Editio, The Getty Center Conservation Institute, 2013. - Jacopo Gaspari, Multi-layered building envelope, edicom edizioni, 2018 - Francis D.K. Ching, Building construction illustrated (english edition), Wiley, 2018 - Ayon A, Pottgiesser U, Richards N, Reglazing Modernism, intervention strategies for the 20th-century icons. Birkhaüser, Basel, 2019

Modalità di esame: Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato grafico prodotto in gruppo; Elaborato scritto prodotto in gruppo; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo;

Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Group graphic design project; Group essay; Group project;

... At the end of the Atelier, an exhibition will be organized and students will have to present their project in front of the examination jury + external invited experts and critics. Participants of each group will have to make evident their contribution to the final delivery, and will be asked individual questions. Discussion will be based on the design products that have to be presented by positioning them in the cultural debate derived from the proposed readings. - Mandatory individual oral examination - Graphic products (group) - Design proposal (group) - Critical essay (group) - Physical model (group) Grading criteria: - design quality (architectural, structural, technological) 50% - cultural awareness 10% - integration of disciplines 10% - active participation to activities, blog and classes 10% - presentation and exhibits 20%

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.