Energy consumption of buildings significantly depends on indoor environment requirements, building design and operation and energy systems. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) includes thermal, air quality, light and acoustics aspects of the indoor environment. IEQ affects health and productivity of the occupants and hence its evaluation is crucial in relation to the occupant’s behaviour on building spaces and systems (e.g., use and control of windows, shadings, HVAC, lighting, etc.). Recent studies have also demonstrated that costs of poor indoor environment quality for the society, employer and building owner are significant. A correct assessment of building energy performance has to properly take into account IEQ aspects; to this purpose, several international standards and guidelines have been introduced with the aim to provide criteria for thermal comfort, air quality, acoustic and visual comfort. This course provides design criteria for IEQ of different types of buildings, methodologies for performing in-field measurements, for the analysis of long-term monitoring data and subjective surveys. Eventually the course is aimed at discussing the most important factors related to IEQ influencing the building energy performance both at the design and operational stage.

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Week 1 Theory: 1.5 hours: Introduction to the Indoor Environmental Quality characterisation in buildings. Criteria for design and verification of IEQ performances. Implications of indoor environmental quality on energy demand and occupant health. Opportunities related to the penetration of IOT and data analytics technologies. Theory: 1.5 hours: Long-term evaluation of the indoor environment. Existing buildings and post occupancy evaluation. Classification and certification of the indoor environment. Technologies for IEQ measurements Theory: 3 hours: Thermal environment. Criteria for mechanical heated and/or cooled buildings. Local thermal discomfort. Subjective evaluation. Analysis of the international standards. Measurement of thermal comfort Laboratory: 1.5 hours: Statistical analysis of long term monitoring IEQ data Week 2 Theory: 3 hours: Criteria for buildings with no mechanical cooling or with mixed mode ventilation. Models and standards based on adaptive comfort theory. HVAC control strategies based on PMV/adaptive comfort and analysis of energy implications. Theory: 3 hours: Fundamentals of data-driven modelling for the characterisation and prediction of indoor environmental quality. Data-driven models of thermal comfort and principles of occupant-centric control strategies Week 3 Theory 3 hours: Air quality and ventilation rates. Ventilation criteria and strategies for residential and non-residential buildings. Measurement techniques. Impact of ventilation control strategies on air quality, energy demand and diffusion of virus. Laboratory: 1.5 hours: Gas tracer measurement experiment. Week 4 Theory: 3 hours: Acoustic requirements and design guidelines to ensure good acoustic quality, primarily of spoken communication, in small to-medium sized rooms. Laboratory: 3 hours: Measurements of speech intelligibility and acoustic comfort parameters in classroom. Subjective survey on perceived acoustic comfort. Theory: 3 hours Lighting: Electric lighting and daylighting. Visual and non-visual aspects of light. Criteria for comfortable and healthful lighting in non-residential buildings. Laboratory: 3 hours: Photometric and circadian measurements and analysis of monitoring data.

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P.D.2-2 - Aprile