The aim of the course is to supply the correct elements in order to evaluate the effectiveness and the applicability of the actions in order to limit the magnitude or rate of long – term global warming and its related effects. At the end of the course, students will be able to: - analyze and apply the main political strategies implemented to mitigate climate change - implement the main technologies required to obtain it - implement possible ways of intervention

The students should have knowledge of the fundamentals of chemistry (stoichiometry, equilibria, chemical kinetics). It is also very important the preliminary capacity to define the reactor process aspects and the plants for mass transfer, as these structures are the basis for the construction of most of the technological solutions that are adopted in the GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission reduction.

The issue of climate change mitigation is treated under policy and technological perspectives. The course is organized into three main modules: A) Greenhouse gas emissions (10 hours) Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. This module provides information on emissions inventories and relations between emissions and concentrations of the main greenhouse gases. The following topics will be addressed: o Emissions inventories from the different economic sectors (energy, transports, agriculture, building, etc.) o Relations between emissions and CO2 concentration B) Policy initiatives toward climate change mitigation (10 hours). In pursuing the objectives of climate change mitigation, governments around the world have adopted policies and measuree to reduce their emissions of GHGs. This module shows the main policies adopted. The following topics will be addressed: o The UNFCCC, the IPCC, the Kyoto protocol and the Paris Agreement o Climate Change mitigation policies in selected OECD countries – Trade and Development implications for developing countries o GHG Minimization through circular economy initiatives (MSW recovery and reuse, mobility sector, food sector, built environment) C) Strategy and Technology-based climate change mitigation (class: 34 hours, lab activities: 6 hours) In this module technologies that have the potential to make significant contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions are analized. In some cases they offer the only known way to reduce emissions in a given sector. The following topics will be addressed: o Analysis of the GHG Minimization Technologies and analysis of the GHG Mitigation Technologies. Case studies (concerning the MSW management and the energy planning) and lab activities (CO2 absorption). Critical comparison of low – carbon technologies o Potential for mitigation policies in agricolture o Analysis of the possible GHG minimization with the water reuse. Wastewater treatment/water potabilization: evaluation of the treatment modifications as a function of the climate change o Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in transport systems through three possible streams of intervention: 1. Actions on engine technologies, new powertrains (internal combustion engines, hybrid powertrains), alternative fuels and energy carriers (from electric batteries to hydrogen), looking at the overall energy chain (WTW, well to wheel analysis), over the life cycle, differentiating local emissions from the global ones; a practical application with OBD II scan tools for better understanding the variables on which operate. 2. Optimisation of the use of means of transport, avoiding empty trips and optimising loads, by means of transport methods, such as Hitchcock's, Vogel's, where O/D matrixes can be solved either by hand, or with an Excel solver or by means of optimisation software tools, also with constraints, to move goods or manage movements of people 3. Modal shift (diversion) supported by methods and models for transport networks and, in particular, to estimate impacts of traffic in road networks; approaches to assess network vulnerability: case studies for road networks and public transport services; dynamic route guidance strategies to optimise traffic in road networks. o Evaluation of Joint technique for reduce primary pollutants and GHG emissions and analysis of the health effects

The course is organized in theoretical lectures and practical classes. The practical classes shall be carried out in Lab (Laboratorio biologico – DIATI3).

The slides presented during lectures will be uploaded on the web site of the course (before each lesson). Some specific paper and report (updated every year) will be also uploaded on the web site of the course. Documents of reference: - IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR5 (Fifth Assessment Report) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change - IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) AR6 (Sixth Assessment Report) Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change - [Review] Fawzy S., Osman A. I., Doran J., Rooney D.W. (2020), Strategies for Mitigation of Climate Change: A Review, Environmental Chemistry Letters 18: 2069 - 2094; - UNEP (United Nation Environment Programme), Waste and Climate Change - Global Trends and Strategy Framework (2010)

Lecture slides; Multimedia materials;

Exam: Written test;

The final exam aims to verify the acquisition of the knowledge and skills objective of the teaching (described in the field "Course topics") The final exam (onsite exam) consists on: • Written test with 5 “open” questions (time 2 h) (score until 30L) on the topic (described in the field "Course topics") explained in the course (theoretical lessons and lab activities). The use of material (books, notes, reports, etc) is not permitted The evaluation of the written exam consider a) the correctness of the answers, b) the relevance of the information provided, c) the ability to answer clearly, precisely and rationally, adequately motivating the arguments produced.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.