Students will acquire knowledge, varying in depth depending on the specific topic, as well as skills and a profound comprehension of the mechanisms and motivations underlying the following technologies and solutions: - The kernel structure and organization of an operating system - The virtual memory mechanism - Process scheduling and parallel execution threads - Developing operating systems modules - Use of system calls for the creation, synchronization, and termination of processes and threads - Implementation of programs based on system calls - Use of embedded systems development tools: cross-compilers, emulators, debuggers, profilers.

- Basic knowledge of computer system architecture (the CPU execution model, the memory hierarchy, interrupts) - Basics of an assembly language - Good programming skills in the C language - Main data type structures and algorithms

Operating system architecture (0.5 CFU) - Operating systems history - Operating systems classification - Structure of an operating system in terms of resources and corresponding management modules. - The OS Kernel: possible organizations. - Process types Processes and Threads (2,5 CFU) - Processes: definition and types - Concurrent processes - Process management - Process scheduling - Process synchronization and synchronization primitives - Inter-Process Communication Memory management, virtualization (1.5 CFU) - Segmentation and Paging - Virtual memory OS Development (1.5 CFU) - Development tool chains for OS development - OS kernel modules design

The course combines traditional classroom lectures with supervised exercise sessions, providing students with the opportunity to apply the concepts learned in practical scenarios and engage in discussions with the instructor. Additionally, certain topics within the course include dedicated lab sessions, allowing students to observe the practical implementation of related technologies and reinforce their understanding of the concepts covered in the lectures. The course is divided into two main components: classroom lectures, which account for 4 CFU (Crediti Formativi Universitari), and laboratory sessions, which contribute 2 CFU.

The slides used for the course will be made available to the students through the official page of the course on the website. The textbooks are the following: • Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne, "Operating System Concepts", Tenth Edition, John Wiley & Son, 2018 • Tanenbaum, Bos, "Modern Operating Systems", 4th Edition, Pearson, 2015

Lecture slides; Exercises; Exercise with solutions ; Lab exercises; Lab exercises with solutions; Video lectures (current year);

Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Group project;

(ANY MINOR CHANGES TO THESE POLICIES/PROCEDURES WILL BE TIMELY COMMUNICATED TO THE STUDENTS) The examination consists of two components. PART1: This part entails a written test that covers all the topics discussed in class. The test may include various types of questions, such as open-ended questions, multiple-choice questions, exercises focusing on specific topics, and the development of small programs. Each question is assigned a score, which is announced during the exam. The maximum score achievable in this part is 16, and the duration of the test is 90 minutes. PART2: The second part involves a project that emphasizes the application of the concepts learned in class and enhances the student's ability to independently find documentation and acquire new skills beyond the scope of the course. Each year, a set of topics will be assigned, but students are also encouraged to propose their own topics of interest. Projects that involve collaborations with other courses are particularly welcome. Once the project is completed, students are required to present it during an oral exam session, highlighting each team member's contribution to the results. The project aims to assess: - The student's proficiency in implementing and developing embedded applications. - The efficiency of the implementation. - The student's ability to work effectively in a team. - The student's presentation skills. - The individual contributions of each student to the project. To pass each part of the exam, a minimum grade of 9 out of 16 points is required. The final grade is determined by summing up the grades obtained in PART 1 and PART 2. The highest distinction, "Laude," is awarded if the total grade equals 32. PART 1 and PART 2 can be completed within different timeframes. However, PART 2 must be finished within one year (prior to the start of the next course edition). If PART 2 is not submitted, students can still pass the exam based solely on the written test (PART 1). However, the highest grade attainable in this case would be 22, calculated as follows: Grade = (written exam grade) * 22 / 16. Note: This implies that the minimum grade required in PART 1 to pass the exam is 13.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.