Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Pressure pipe systems are a crucial component of the backbone of World’s economy. They provide fundamental services within industries, plants, cities, and buildings. They are used to transport across countries and continents water, oil, gas and play a critical role in the safety of plants such as hydropower and thermal plants, or chemical industries. Flowing fluids through pipe systems requires a huge amount of energy (some studies estimate that about 10% of world’s energy production is dissipated in moving fluids). In addition, the large spatial scale of civil and industrial networks makes pressure pipe systems difficult to monitor and maintain, and fluid leaks are a recurrent problem. Finally, pressure pipe systems are likely to develop strong pressure surges (known as water hammer) during transient following operations and maneuvers. For all these reasons, it is critical for the new generation of engineers to tackle the issues related to pressure pipe systems in a comprehensive and quantitative way, with a special focus on flow transient, leakage detection and management, and optimization of costs (for both construction and operation) of the system. In this context, the main aim of the course is to provide advanced tools for the quantitative hydraulic analysis of civil and industrial pipe systems. Two main topics will be considered in this course: steady state and transients in pressurized pipe systems. For each topic, a brief theoretical introduction will be given, and the numerical techniques commonly adopted in commercial software to solve real-life problems will be thoroughly explained. Then, numerical tools commonly adopted in engineering firms will be presented. Students will make use of these commercial software for solving real-life problems. In addition to these two main topics, fundamentals of water use and management in industrial processes and civil infrastructures will be given. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT The course introduces the problems associated with the availability and use of water resources and the quantitative methods to address them. The availability of water resources is analyzed with modelling tools and the competition among different uses, including civil, agricultural, energetic and ecosystem demand, is addressed, while also considering the challenges posed by climate change. The course takes a practical/quantitative approach, with presentations of real case studies and overviews on global-scale problems and solutions, including the water-food-energy-ecosystem nexus approach and a hint of economics.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Pressure pipe systems are a crucial component of the backbone of World’s economy. They provide fundamental services within industries, plants, cities, and buildings. They are used to transport across countries and continents water, oil, gas and play a critical role in the safety of plants such as hydropower and thermal plants, or chemical industries. Flowing fluids through pipe systems requires a huge amount of energy (some studies estimate that about 10% of world’s energy production is dissipated in moving fluids). In addition, the large spatial scale of civil and industrial networks makes pressure pipe systems difficult to monitor and maintain, and fluid leaks are a recurrent problem. Finally, pressure pipe systems are likely to develop strong pressure surges (known as water hammer) during transient following operations and maneuvers. For all these reasons, it is critical for the new generation of engineers to tackle the issues related to pressure pipe systems in a comprehensive and quantitative way, with a special focus on flow transient, leakage detection and management, and optimization of costs (for both construction and operation) of the system. In this context, the main aim of the course is to provide advanced tools for the quantitative hydraulic analysis of civil and industrial pipe systems. Two main topics will be considered in this course: steady state and transients in pressurized pipe systems. For each topic, a brief theoretical introduction will be given, and the numerical techniques commonly adopted in commercial software to solve real-life problems will be thoroughly explained. Then, numerical tools commonly adopted in engineering firms will be presented. Students will make use of these commercial software for solving real-life problems. In addition to these two main topics, fundamentals of water use and management in industrial processes and civil infrastructures will be given.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: - Classify the components of a hydraulic system, explain its use, select the proper regulations to be compliant with - Explain the use of typical hydraulic systems, judge relevant design scenario to be analysed and organize the required analysis process - Explain the advantages of using graph theory for describing pipe networks, calculate typical topological parameters from real networks, and interpret network hydraulic behaviours from these topological parameters - Explain and discuss the models and the numerical methods adopted for solving steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Create MATLAB scripts for solving simple steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Develop, with the use of a commercial code, models of real networks, and use these models to evaluate and test the hydraulic behaviour of the networks - Explain and discuss the models and the numerical methods adopted for modelling transients in hydraulic systems - Modify a provided MATLAB script for solving simple and advanced steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Use the modified MATLAB script to evaluate and test the effect of hydraulic transients in real systems - Explain and discuss the current technologies adopted for reducing leakages in water networks, use commercial code or MATLAB scripts to develop steady-state or transient flow models of networks equipped with leakages reduction technologies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies - Explain and discuss the issue of water quality dynamics in water networks, and use commercial code to develop steady-state flow models of networks, considering water quality dynamics - Explain and discuss the issue of cost minimization of hydraulic systems, and use commercial code and MATLAB scripts to develop models of networks that couple hydraulic performance and system cost - Explain and discuss the issue of the stability of a control system, and use asymptotic stability analysis to evaluate the stability of a real hydraulic system - Explain and discuss the issue of the compressible flows, and design simple air-compressed networks WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Students will acquire knowledge about the physical process governing the water availability in a catchment, the climate system and scenarios, the anthropic pressure on water resources and the elements of water stress and scarcity. The students will learn i) to model the water balance at the point and catchment scale, ii) to assess water demands and irrigation requirements, iii) to understand the basic principles of climate change and to apply climate change scenarios to estimate future water availability and use, and iv) to apply indicators to assess water scarcity conditions. Students will also understand the principles of integrated water resources management and the water-food-energy-ecosystem nexus.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: - Classify the components of a hydraulic system, explain its use, select the proper regulations to be compliant with - Explain the use of typical hydraulic systems, judge relevant design scenario to be analysed and organize the required analysis process - Explain the advantages of using graph theory for describing pipe networks, calculate typical topological parameters from real networks, and interpret network hydraulic behaviours from these topological parameters - Explain and discuss the models and the numerical methods adopted for solving steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Create MATLAB scripts for solving simple steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Develop, with the use of a commercial code, models of real networks, and use these models to evaluate and test the hydraulic behaviour of the networks - Explain and discuss the models and the numerical methods adopted for modelling transients in hydraulic systems - Modify a provided MATLAB script for solving simple and advanced steady-state problems in hydraulic systems - Use the modified MATLAB script to evaluate and test the effect of hydraulic transients in real systems - Explain and discuss the current technologies adopted for reducing leakages in water networks, use commercial code or MATLAB scripts to develop steady-state or transient flow models of networks equipped with leakages reduction technologies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies - Explain and discuss the issue of water quality dynamics in water networks, and use commercial code to develop steady-state flow models of networks, considering water quality dynamics - Explain and discuss the issue of cost minimization of hydraulic systems, and use commercial code and MATLAB scripts to develop models of networks that couple hydraulic performance and system cost - Explain and discuss the issue of the stability of a control system, and use asymptotic stability analysis to evaluate the stability of a real hydraulic system - Explain and discuss the issue of the compressible flows, and design simple air-compressed networks

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Basic knowledge of hydraulic and fluid mechanics (hydrostatic forces, dynamical forces, Bernoulli’s theorem, definitions of energy and pressure heads and lines, energy dissipation in pressure pipe, distributed head losses and “head loss per length of pipe” concept, localized head losses) Basic knowledge of calculus (ordinary and partial derivatives, derivation rules, time-integration of simple differential equations) Basic knowledge of linear algebra (sum and product of matrix, evaluation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors) Basic knowledge of MATLAB (input of variables; use of array, matrices, structures; if and for cycles, production of graphs; i/o with .mat or .txt files) Basic knowledge of EXCEL (input of variables; production of graphs; use of cell formulas) Students with knowledge gaps on these pre-requirements are welcome, but they are asked to study provided additional material (mainly in the form of online tutorial) before the course WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT The course requires a basic knowledge of hydrological processes and hydraulics. Knowledge of GIS tools is an asset, as well as a fluent spoken and written English.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Basic knowledge of hydraulic and fluid mechanics (hydrostatic forces, dynamical forces, Bernoulli’s theorem, definitions of energy and pressure heads and lines, energy dissipation in pressure pipe, distributed head losses and “head loss per length of pipe” concept, localized head losses) Basic knowledge of calculus (ordinary and partial derivatives, derivation rules, time-integration of simple differential equations) Basic knowledge of linear algebra (sum and product of matrix, evaluation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors) Basic knowledge of MATLAB (input of variables; use of array, matrices, structures; if and for cycles, production of graphs; i/o with .mat or .txt files) Basic knowledge of EXCEL (input of variables; production of graphs; use of cell formulas) Students with knowledge gaps on these pre-requirements are welcome, but they are asked to study provided additional material (mainly in the form of online tutorial) before the course

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS The course consists of four modules. In module 1, an introduction about the topic of pressure pipe systems - with a focus of components, relevant regulations and design and analysis requirement - is given. In module 2 and 3, the numerical tools for actually performing the required analysis are given: module 2 focuses on steady state analysis, while module 3 focuses on transient analysis. Finally, module 4 illustrates some advanced applications of hydraulic modelling. Introduction of piping systems 1. Description of typical pressure pipe systems. Use of pressure pipe systems; main components; issues to be considered in the design processes and relevant regulations; presentation of the case study. 2. Topological description of pressure pipe networks. Theory of graphs; algorithms for districtualization; improvement of water management in districts; application of districtualization analysis in the case study. Steady state analysis 1. Head losses, energy and grade lines. Concepts of localized and distributed head losses; techniques for plotting energy and grade lines; main formulas for head losses estimation. 2. Models, numerical methods, and commercial codes for steady flow problems. Equations for describing steady flow (energy along pipe, continuity at nodes, BCs) and numerical methods; implementation of a simple matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network; validation of the commercial software EPANet. 3. Basic design rules of hydraulic systems. Estimation of water demand; demand-driven and pressure-driven demands; basic rules: velocity and pressure limitation, use of commercial components, negative pressure analysis; use of the commercial software EPANet to design part of the conduits of the case study. 4. Pumping. Pump sizing and selection (type of pumps, pump curve, checks for avoiding cavitation); mathematical description of pumps; implementation of a simple Matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with pump; use of EPANet to choose a proper pump to be installed within the case study. 5. Controls and tanks. Theory of extended time simulations; extended time simulation of tanks; implementation of a simple Matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with a tank with time-varying level; refresher about controls (mainly PID algorithms); use of EPANet to introduce controls and tanks within the case study. Transient analysis 1. Physics of the problem. Introduction about flow transients: causes and effects; effect of water hammer in pipe networks: overpressure and conduit explosion, conduit collapse and cavitation induced by pressure reduction; analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon. 2. Models and numerical methods. Equations for describing flow transients, analytical formulas for simple problems; the method of the characteristics for the solution of the equations; theoretical description of the method; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of flow transients in a single pipe; extension of the method to 2+ pipes; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of flow transients in a 2+ pipes system; use of provided Matlab scripts to assess flow transients due to valve closures in the case study. 3. Pumping. Theory and modelling of pump transient dynamics; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of pump dynamics; use of provided Matlab script to assess flow transients due to pump shut-off/on in the case study. 4. Mass oscillation. Analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; theory and modelling of mass oscillation; use of provided Matlab scripts to assess mass oscillation in the case study. 5. Air Chambers. Analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; theory, modelling and sizing of air chambers; use of provided Matlab scripts to design an air chamber for pump protection in the case study. The use of modelling for solving relevant problems in pressure pipe systems 1. Pressure reduction and leakage control. The issue of water leakages and strategies for water losses reduction; modelling of leakages (steady); implementation of a simple matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with a leaking node; modelling leakages (unsteady); description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; analysis of numerical experiments to show some relevant phenomena; use of EPANet to quantify the beneficial effect of pressure reduction on leakage reduction in the case study; use of provided Matlab script to detect a leak in the case study (flow transient analysis). 2. Water Quality. Modelling of water quality (chemical concentration) in pressure pipe systems; use of EPANet (with additional package available in Matlab) to model water quality dynamics in the case study. 3. Design of networks accounting for cost reduction. Economics of hydraulic circuits; description of algorithms for economic and hydraulic optimization; use of provided Matlab scripts perform economic and hydraulic analysis. 4. Stability of controls. The concept of stability of a dynamical system; mathematical techniques for performing stability analysis; the Bode diagram; derivation of Bode diagram for a simple hydraulic system (e.g., run-of-the-river hydropower plant) and application to the case study. 5. Compressible flows. Refresher of compressible flows; extension of the modelling techniques developed for incompressible or slightly compressible flows to compressible flows. Rules for design and management of simple compressible flow systems (e.g., compressed air networks). WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT The course addresses the following topics: - Water resources introduction (3h): definition, sources, uses, basics review. - Water availability assessment (18h): water balance at the catchment scale, the role of soil and vegetation, hydrological regimes, seasonality and storages; Water Framework directive, environmental flows; hydrological modelling and softwares. - Water demand (9h): civil, industrial and agricultural water use, soil water balance and evapotranspiration, irrigation requirements. - Climate change (9h): introduction to climate, energy balance, greenhouse gases, climate forcings; climate change, impacts on the water cycle; models, scenarios and datasets. - Water scarcity & management (9h): natural and anthropic water stress, competitive water use, management of common resources, integrated water resources management, upstream-downstream conflicts, practical examples and complexity. - Global water resources and economics (12h): water-food-energy nexus, water footprint, virtual water trade, water globalization, water crises, water stewardship; economic value of water, trans-boundary waters, finance of water.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

The course consists of four modules. In module 1, an introduction about the topic of pressure pipe systems - with a focus of components, relevant regulations and design and analysis requirement - is given. In module 2 and 3, the numerical tools for actually performing the required analysis are given: module 2 focuses on steady state analysis, while module 3 focuses on transient analysis. Finally, module 4 illustrates some advanced applications of hydraulic modelling. Introduction of piping systems 1. Description of typical pressure pipe systems. Use of pressure pipe systems; main components; issues to be considered in the design processes and relevant regulations; presentation of the case study. 2. Topological description of pressure pipe networks. Theory of graphs; algorithms for districtualization; improvement of water management in districts; application of districtualization analysis in the case study. Steady state analysis 1. Head losses, energy and grade lines. Concepts of localized and distributed head losses; techniques for plotting energy and grade lines; main formulas for head losses estimation. 2. Models, numerical methods, and commercial codes for steady flow problems. Equations for describing steady flow (energy along pipe, continuity at nodes, BCs) and numerical methods; implementation of a simple matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network; validation of the commercial software EPANet. 3. Basic design rules of hydraulic systems. Estimation of water demand; demand-driven and pressure-driven demands; basic rules: velocity and pressure limitation, use of commercial components, negative pressure analysis; use of the commercial software EPANet to design part of the conduits of the case study. 4. Pumping. Pump sizing and selection (type of pumps, pump curve, checks for avoiding cavitation); mathematical description of pumps; implementation of a simple Matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with pump; use of EPANet to choose a proper pump to be installed within the case study. 5. Controls and tanks. Theory of extended time simulations; extended time simulation of tanks; implementation of a simple Matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with a tank with time-varying level; refresher about controls (mainly PID algorithms); use of EPANet to introduce controls and tanks within the case study. Transient analysis 1. Physics of the problem. Introduction about flow transients: causes and effects; effect of water hammer in pipe networks: overpressure and conduit explosion, conduit collapse and cavitation induced by pressure reduction; analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon. 2. Models and numerical methods. Equations for describing flow transients, analytical formulas for simple problems; the method of the characteristics for the solution of the equations; theoretical description of the method; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of flow transients in a single pipe; extension of the method to 2+ pipes; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of flow transients in a 2+ pipes system; use of provided Matlab scripts to assess flow transients due to valve closures in the case study. 3. Pumping. Theory and modelling of pump transient dynamics; description of a Matlab script for the numerical simulation of pump dynamics; use of provided Matlab script to assess flow transients due to pump shut-off/on in the case study. 4. Mass oscillation. Analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; theory and modelling of mass oscillation; use of provided Matlab scripts to assess mass oscillation in the case study. 5. Air Chambers. Analysis of numerical experiments to focus on some relevant phenomena; description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; theory, modelling and sizing of air chambers; use of provided Matlab scripts to design an air chamber for pump protection in the case study. The use of modelling for solving relevant problems in pressure pipe systems 1. Pressure reduction and leakage control. The issue of water leakages and strategies for water losses reduction; modelling of leakages (steady); implementation of a simple matlab code to solve a 4-5 pipe network with a leaking node; modelling leakages (unsteady); description of the phenomenon, equations, analytical formulas; analysis of numerical experiments to show some relevant phenomena; use of EPANet to quantify the beneficial effect of pressure reduction on leakage reduction in the case study; use of provided Matlab script to detect a leak in the case study (flow transient analysis). 2. Water Quality. Modelling of water quality (chemical concentration) in pressure pipe systems; use of EPANet (with additional package available in Matlab) to model water quality dynamics in the case study. 3. Design of networks accounting for cost reduction. Economics of hydraulic circuits; description of algorithms for economic and hydraulic optimization; use of provided Matlab scripts perform economic and hydraulic analysis. 4. Stability of controls. The concept of stability of a dynamical system; mathematical techniques for performing stability analysis; the Bode diagram; derivation of Bode diagram for a simple hydraulic system (e.g., run-of-the-river hydropower plant) and application to the case study. 5. Compressible flows. Refresher of compressible flows; extension of the modelling techniques developed for incompressible or slightly compressible flows to compressible flows. Rules for design and management of simple compressible flow systems (e.g., compressed air networks).

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS The main aim of this course is to provide students with applicative tools and instruments - based on solid and deep theoretical understanding of the physics, models and numerical methods – to be used in common engineering applications. For this reason, the classical distinction between theoretical lectures and exercises will not be implemented in this course. By contrast, to favour a prompt application of theoretical concepts, short lectures concerning theoretical topics will be followed by immediate application of the concepts with hand-exercises, Matlab codes, use of commercial software. For some topics, additional material to be studied independently will be given. Realistic case studies (e.g., aqueduct, water distribution network in a developing country, or industrial water system) will be used throughout the course, to show how the different concepts shown during the lecture apply to a real case study. Students will be asked to write short reports about the analysis they perform on the real case study. In this way, at the end of the course, students will have developed a complete and comprehensive technical report that can be used as a template for real-world analysis. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT The course is organized in lectures and exercise classes. Lectures are devoted to the presentation of course topics and case studies. Exercise classes are devoted to practical applications and are based on the use of laptop computers. During the course, students develop a small project in steps (individually or in small groups) that will be summarized in a report.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

The main aim of this course is to provide students with applicative tools and instruments - based on solid and deep theoretical understanding of the physics, models and numerical methods – to be used in common engineering applications. For this reason, the classical distinction between theoretical lectures and exercises will not be implemented in this course. By contrast, to favour a prompt application of theoretical concepts, short lectures concerning theoretical topics will be followed by immediate application of the concepts with hand-exercises, Matlab codes, use of commercial software. For some topics, additional material to be studied independently will be given. Realistic case studies (e.g., aqueduct, water distribution network in a developing country, or industrial water system) will be used throughout the course, to show how the different concepts shown during the lecture apply to a real case study. Students will be asked to write short reports about the analysis they perform on the real case study. In this way, at the end of the course, students will have developed a complete and comprehensive technical report that can be used as a template for real-world analysis.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Main reading: Applied Hydraulic Transients, Chaudhry, any edition. Additional reading: book chapters/scientific papers/relevant regulations and standards provided by teachers WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Course slides and reading materials will be distributed during the course.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Main reading: Applied Hydraulic Transients, Chaudhry, any edition. Additional reading: book chapters/scientific papers/relevant regulations and standards provided by teachers

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

Slides;

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Dispense; Libro di testo; Esercizi; Esercitazioni di laboratorio; Video lezioni dell’anno corrente; Video lezioni tratte da anni precedenti; Materiale multimediale ; Strumenti di simulazione;

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato scritto individuale; Elaborato progettuale in gruppo; Prova scritta in aula tramite PC con l'utilizzo della piattaforma di ateneo;

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria; Elaborato progettuale individuale;

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Individual essay; Group project; Computer-based written test in class using POLITO platform;

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Individual project;

...

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and

CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Exam: Compulsory oral exam; Individual essay; Computer-based written test in class using POLITO platform; WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Exam: Written test; Group project; CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS Technical report: the technical report is to be developed during the course, and consists of several separate parts. Each part has a mandatory due date (usually 2 weeks after the explanation of the tasks to be performed) and will be reviewed and graded during the course. Resubmissions that implement corrections and address the given feedbacks are welcome. The new grade after resubmission will replace the former grade. The rubrics used to evaluate the report will be made available to students at the beginning of the course. Practical exam: 3h test to be performed with the aid of a PC. Students will make use of spreadsheets, EPANet, Matlab scripts developed and used during the course to solve a simple real-life problem, similar to the real-life problem analyzed during the course. Use of books and notes during the exam is allowed. Oral exam: Theoretical questions are asked. Topics are: (i) the physical interpretation of the relevant phenomena discussed during the course; (ii) the critical analysis of the hypothesis, the validity of the results, the numerical issues related to the modelling of pressure pipe systems; (iii) theoretical demonstrations developed during the lectures or given as additional study material. Grading is as follow: review of the technical report 30%; practical exam 40%; answer to theoretical questions 30%. All parts must be sufficient (grade >18/30) for the exam to be passed. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT The evaluation is based on the project developed during the course (relative weight: 25% of final mark), and on the final exam (relative weight: 75% of final mark). The project report is evaluated considering the correctness, completeness, and presentation of the results (maximum mark: 30/30). The final exam includes open questions and short exercises about the theoretical and the applicative part of the course program. Questions must be addressed on paper without the use of a computer and the exam duration is 2 hours maximum. The exam mark takes into account the completeness, maturity, and clarity of answers provided and the maximum mark will be 30L/30.

Civil and industrial hydraulic systems/Water resources planning and management (Civil and industrial hydraulic systems)

Technical report: the technical report is to be developed during the course, and consists of several separate parts. Each part has a mandatory due date (usually 2 weeks after the explanation of the tasks to be performed) and will be reviewed and graded during the course. Resubmissions that implement corrections and address the given feedbacks are welcome. The new grade after resubmission will replace the former grade. The rubrics used to evaluate the report will be made available to students at the beginning of the course. Practical exam: 3h test to be performed with the aid of a PC. Students will make use of spreadsheets, EPANet, Matlab scripts developed and used during the course to solve a simple real-life problem, similar to the real-life problem analyzed during the course. Use of books and notes during the exam is allowed. The practical exam aims at assessing the practical skills developed during the course, i.e., to develop and run a numerical model, and to use and interpret the obtained results to solve engineering problems. Oral exam: Theoretical questions are asked. Topics are: (i) the physical interpretation of the relevant phenomena discussed during the course; (ii) the critical analysis of the hypothesis, the validity of the results, the numerical issues related to the modelling of pressure pipe systems; (iii) theoretical demonstrations developed during the lectures or given as additional study material. The oral exam aims at assessing that the practical skills developed during the course are supported by a sound theoretical understanding. Grading is as follow: review of the technical report 30%; practical exam 40%; answer to theoretical questions 30%. All parts must be sufficient (grade >18/30) for the exam to be passed.

Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.