At the end of the course, the students will be able to: - Solve electrical circuits governed by the basic laws of electrotechnics. - Interpret electrical schemes related to the distribution of electricity in buildings. - Describe the structure of electrical installations both at low and medium voltage. - Size simple electrical installations and small PV power plants. - Understand laws and fundamental standards regarding electrical applications for the construction industry.

Knowledge of the basic concepts of Mathematical Analysis, Geometry and Physics. Further prerequisites are notions of complex numbers and basic knowledge of vector calculus.

Electrical Circuits Lectures: direct current electrical systems [6 h] Elementary circuit. Steady-state regime. Definition of the basic quantities: electrical current and voltage. Passive and active sign conventions. Power and energy. Kirchhoff’s current law (section, node). Kirchhoff’s voltage law (closed-loop, mesh). Two-terminal elements and constitutive relationships: resistance. Short-circuit and open-circuit. Current source and voltage source. Series and parallel of two-terminal elements. Voltage and current divider. Star and Delta connections. Superposition method. Thevenin equivalent circuit. Millmann’s theorem. Practical examples of direct current circuits. Practical classes: direct current electric systems [3 h] Lectures: alternating current electrical systems [6 h] Review of the algebra of complex numbers. Sinusoidal waveforms. Phasor associated with a waveform and properties of phasors. Topological and constitutive equations in the phasor domain. Capacitor and inductor. Impedance, admittance and general form of Ohm’s law. Main principles and theorems in the phasor domain. Power in sinusoidal steady-state operations (active, reactive, apparent and complex power). Boucherot’s theorem. Laboratory: Power factor correction of single-phase resistive-inductive loads [3 h] Lectures: Three-phase system [1.5 h] Origin and definitions (symmetric system, balanced system, direct sequence, inverse sequence, phase, phase-to-phase and line quantities). Star and Delta connection of impedances. Load in series and parallel. Equivalent single-phase circuit. Role of the neutral conductor. Powers in the three-phase systems and their monitoring. Power factor correction (star and delta connection of capacitors). Practical classes: three-phase electric systems [3 h] Lectures: transformer [1.5 h]: Structure and working principles of the transformer. Model of the single-phase transformer. Model of the three-phase transformer. Practical classes: alternating current electrical systems and transformer [1.5 h] --------------------- Electrical Installation Lectures: structure of electrical systems [1.5 h] Classification according to the rated voltage. Structure of generation, transmission and distribution power systems. Lectures: MV/LV substations [1.5 h] Layout. Electrical scheme. Interconnection with the Distribution Network. Structure of the electrical system in buildings. Lectures: power lines, overcurrents and protections [6 h] Electric cables. Cable-laying conditions. Thermal current limits of the cables. Definitions of overcurrent, overload and short-circuit. Operation of protection devices (circuit breakers and fuses). Sizing criteria for the electrical installation. Voltage drop. Short-circuit current calculation and choice of the protections against overload and short circuit. Practical classes: Sizing of the electrical system components in buildings [3 h] Lectures: Electrical safety [10.5 h] Regulatory aspects for the electrical systems in the building sector. Laws and standards, unification, certification, declaration of conformity, and testing procedures for electrical systems. Effects of electric current on the human body. Electric shock. Safety curves for alternate and direct currents. Resistance of the human body. Ordinary and non-ordinary sites. Voltage-time safety curves determination. Dangerous voltages. Grounding systems. Dispersion of the electric current in the ground. Spatial evolution of the potentials on the ground surface. Touch and step voltages. Characteristics of the earth electrodes. Structure of grounding systems. Equipotential connections. Measurement of the resistance of grounding systems. Types of insulation. Definitions of exposed conductive part, extraneous conductive part, direct and indirect contact. Protection against direct contacts. Level of protection of the enclosures (IP code). Protection against indirect contacts. Classification of LV distribution systems (TT, TN) and protection schemes. Residual current circuit breaker. Protection against indirect contacts without circuit interruption (class II devices, electric separation). Extra low voltage systems (SELV, PELV, FELV). Electrical systems in sites with higher electrical risk. Application examples. Laboratory: verification measurements for electrical systems [3 h] Practical classes: electrical safety [1.5 h] Lectures: electrical systems in buildings and construction sites [1.5 h] Analysis of the CEI Guide for electrical systems in construction sites. Point of Delivery and distribution systems. Power lines. Safety prescriptions. Components for electrical systems in construction sites (switchboards, power plugs and sockets, lighting appliances and systems) Lectures: PV systems in buildings [3 h] Practical classes: PV systems in buildings [1.5 h] Guided tour: MV/LV electric substation [1.5 h] Practical classes: exam simulation [1.5 h]

The course (6 CFU) is structured into 39 hours of theory, 15 hours of practical work and 6 hours of laboratory. A guided tour of 1.5 hours of an electrical substation will also be organized. In case the course will be delivered on-site the lectures are provided using slides, the blackboard pictures and videos. In case the course will be delivered online, the blackboard part will be substituted by a digital whiteboard and the written material will be provided to the students. The laboratory experiences will be executed by the lecturer and presented to the students or substituted by software simulations. The guided tour will be substituted by the discussion of pictures and videos.

1. Notes from the lessons and material distributed by the teacher will be uploaded on the educational portal during the course. 2. Suggested books that cover the main part of the course are: · C.K. Alexander, M.N.O. Sadiku, Electric Circuits, McGraw-Hill · M. Mitolo, Electrical safety of Low-Voltage Systems, McGraw-Hill · Medium Voltage technical guide – Schneider Electric · Electrical installation guide - Schneider Electric

Lecture slides; Exercises; Lab exercises;

Exam: Written test; Optional oral exam;

The final evaluation is carried out through an onsite written test, lasting 60 minutes. The exam consists of two parts: a part on electrical circuits and a part on electrical installations, lasting 30 minutes each. The two parts have the same weight in the final evaluation. The electrical circuits part consists of multiple-choice and computational questions. This part of the test mainly evaluates the ability to solve electrical circuits and interpret electrical schemes. The electrical installations part consists of multiple-choice, short-answer, and computational questions. This part of the tests assesses the knowledge of the electrical installations in buildings, and the ability to size simple electrical installations considering the actual laws and fundamental standards. The scores are different, depending on the type of questions, and are indicated in the text. In case of a wrong answer in a multiple-choice question, a penalty of 25% is applied. During the written test, the use of the calculator is allowed. Using other materials or notes is not allowed. The total score is the sum of the scores obtained in the 2 parts. The conditions required to pass the exam are two: - each part shall be scored ≥ 7/15; - the total score shall be ≥ 18/30. Students who have obtained a minimum score of 7/15 in each part and a total score of 15/30 or more in the written test can request an integrative oral exam, which can increase or decrease the total score by a maximum of 3 points. The oral exam is mandatory to get the laude, and if requested by the teacher. The integrative oral exam, which lasts 15/20 minutes and is conducted in person, covers the entire programme of the course and consists of a theory question or short exercise for the electrical circuits part and a theory question or short exercise for the electrical installations part.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.