At the end of the course, students are expected to have acquired both theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the modelling, numerical analysis, analytical sizing, and practical design of electrical machines.

Students are expected to have a solid background in electrical engineering fundamentals, electromagnetics, and basic applied mechanics. Prior knowledge of the steady-state behavior of electrical machines and of the fundamental principles of electric drives is strongly recommended to effectively follow the course. Basic programming skills in MATLAB and previous experience with Simulink are useful but not mandatory.

The first part of the course is devoted to the mathematical dynamic modelling and simulation of electrical machines, whereas the second part addresses analytical sizing, design and numerical simulation methodologies. PART I: electrical machine modeling (50 hours): - Introduction to the course and electrical machines classification in function of their operating principles - General aspects of electrical machines: conventions, electrical and magnetic equations, energy balance, permanent magnet fundamentals, generalized electromechanical model, effects of magnetic saturation, torque production. - DC machines: overview of operating characteristics and application fields, linear dynamic model of permanent magnet DC machines, and influence of machine dimensions on step-response dynamics. - Induction motor: electrical and magnetic flux linkage equations of the windings, three-phase to two-phase transformation, rotational transformation, machine equations in arbitrary reference frames, energy balance and torque expression, dynamic model of the motor. - Synchronous machine: electrical and magnetic equations of the windings, transformation of machine equations into convenient reference frames, energy balance and torque expression, dynamic models of synchronous motors and generators. PART II: electrical machine design (50 hours): - General aspects related to the design of electrical machines: materials, losses, thermal aspects and cooling - Constructive and technological aspects: laminations, slots designs, winding layouts (distributed and concentrated), number of turns in series per phase, parallel paths, winding factor, magneto-motive force, linked magnetic flux, back-electro motive force - Permanent magnet machines: principles and topologies: permanent magnet excitation and brushless torque production, surface-mounted PM machines, inset PM machines and interior PM machines, radial-flux and axial-flux layouts, sinusoidal and trapezoidal back-EMF, saliency, reluctance torque and flux barriers. Main advantages and limitations of PM machines in different applications. - Preliminary design of permanent magnet machines: from specifications to motor requirements (speed, torque, power, voltage, current, duty cycle, cooling and packaging constraints), selection of topology and pole-slot combination, preliminary electromagnetic sizing (air-gap diameter and length, current loading, magnetic loading, winding factor, number of turns and base speed), magnet selection, demagnetization considerations, saliency and mechanical speed limits - Introduction to finite-element verification and design iterations using the SyR-e design and simulation toolchain: guided project sessions on the preliminary design of a permanent magnet motor from assigned specifications, FEA characterisation of selected design solutions. - Final project workshops: Guided project sessions on the preliminary design of a permanent magnet motor from assigned specifications, definition of assumptions, analytical sizing, operating envelope, simplified thermal check, dynamic model setup, simulation results and preparation of the final technical report.

The course integrates analytical modelling with computer-based learning activities. Active participation in classroom exercises and computational sessions is strongly encouraged, as these activities are closely related to the learning outcomes and final assessment. Computer-based activities require students to have access to a personal computer compatible with the computational tools adopted in the course (standard laptop, Windows operating system preferred). Additional organizational information, including instructions and deadlines for projects and assignments, will be communicated during the course.

The course consists of classroom lectures complemented by laboratory sessions and application-oriented activities focused on the numerical modelling, design, and simulation of electrical machines. During the course, students are required to carry out a mandatory project related either to the modelling or to the design of an electrical machine. Each group works on assigned specifications and develops a preliminary machine design consistent with the given requirements and constraints. A significant part of the course assessment is based on the oral discussion of the group project, carried out by teams of up to 2–3 students.

Slides and supplementary handout material used during the lecture. Datasheet of materials, electric motors, excerpts of books and additional references will be indicated by the professor during the course. SyR-e scripts and documentation (https://github.com/SyR-e).

Lecture slides; Lab exercises; Multimedia materials; Simulation tools;

Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam; Individual project;

Written test; Compulsory oral exam The exam consists of a written part, with a maximum score of 20/30, and a mandatory oral part, with a maximum score of 13/30. Admission to the oral part is granted only to students who obtain a score >= 12/20 in the written part. If the score obtained in the written part is < 12/20, the exam is failed. The final grade is obtained by summing the scores achieved in the written and oral parts. WRITTEN PART The written part lasts 90 minutes and may include multiple-choice questions, short open questions and numerical exercises, as follow: - 4 multiple-choice quizzes (1.5 points each if right, -0.5 points if wrong) - 2 numerical quizzes/exercises (maximum 3 points each) - 2 open essay questions which may cover either theoretical aspects or calculation-based applications (maximum 4 points each) During the exam, the use of any reference materials, including books, notes, or electronic devices other than a scientific calculator not connected to the internet, is strictly prohibited. ORAL PART The mandatory oral examination aims at assessing the student’s overall knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in the course. It starts with the discussion of the project carried out by the students. The project is assessed based on the correctness of the assumptions, consistency of the calculations, quality and interpretation of the results, technical justification of the design choices, and clarity of the report. Additional questions may address the entire course programme, beyond the aspects covered in the project. For the project development, students may use the course material and simulation tools; however, the submitted work must clearly report all assumptions and must be original. For team projects, the final mark is assigned individually and may differ among members of the team.

In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.