PORTALE DELLA DIDATTICA

PORTALE DELLA DIDATTICA

PORTALE DELLA DIDATTICA

Elenco notifiche



Electronic measurements

03LTJNX, 03LTJLP, 03LTJOD

A.A. 2026/27

Course Language

Inglese

Degree programme(s)

1st degree and Bachelor-level of the Bologna process in Ingegneria Elettronica - Torino
1st degree and Bachelor-level of the Bologna process in Electronic And Communications Engineering (Ingegneria Elettronica E Delle Comunicazioni) - Torino
1st degree and Bachelor-level of the Bologna process in Ingegneria Fisica - Torino

Course structure
Teaching Hours
Lecturers
Teacher Status SSD h.Les h.Ex h.Lab h.Tut Years teaching
Co-lectures
Espandi

Context
SSD CFU Activities Area context
ING-INF/07 8 B - Caratterizzanti Ingegneria elettronica
2024/25
This course has two main objectives. The first is to present a sound theory of uncertainty, according to current accepted international standards and practices, introducing also several advanced tools. The second is to introduce a number of fundamental instruments that are part of a typical electronic laboratory, describing their principle of operation, important specifications, sources of uncertainty and applications.
This course has three main objectives. The first is to present a sound theory of uncertainty, according to current accepted international standards and practices, introducing also several advanced tools. The second is to present how the electrical units are nowadays realized by means of quantum standards, according to the present International System of Units. The third is to introduce a number of fundamental instruments that are part of a typical electronic laboratory, describing their principle of operation, important specifications, sources of uncertainty and applications.
Knowledge of uncertainty evaluation techniques, and ability to apply in them in basic measurement situations. Knowledge of the principle of operation of the most common laboratory instruments, and knowledge of the trade-offs required in an instrument design. Ability to employ the studied laboratory instrumentation in common electronic measurements.
Knowledge of uncertainty evaluation techniques, and ability to apply in them in basic measurement situations. Knowledge of the principle of operation of the most common laboratory instruments, and knowledge of the trade-offs required in an instrument design. Ability to employ the studied laboratory instrumentation in common electronic measurements.
Mathematics: Analysis, basics of theory of probability and stochastic processes. Electronics: Circuit theory, basic operational amplifier circuits. Electronic measurements: Usage of multimeters and oscilloscopes.
Mathematics: Analysis, basics of theory of probability and stochastic processes. Electronics: Circuit theory, basic operational amplifier circuits. Electronic measurements: Usage of multimeters and oscilloscopes.
Uncertainty, a probabilistic approach: Introduction to the probabilistic approach, type B evaluation of the uncertainty, type A evaluation of uncertainty, propagation of uncertainty; 2 labs on the evaluation of the uncertainty (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Frequency synthesis and waveform generation: Properties of signal sources, oscillators, direct analogue synthesizers, indirect analogue synthesizers (phase-lock loops), direct digital synthesizers; 2 labs on PLLs and frequency counters (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Basic frequency counters: Time interval counter, frequency counter, period counter, reciprocal counter. High frequency counters: Prescaler, heterodyne converter, transfer oscillator (0.9 ECTS: 0.75 ECTS lectures, 0.15 ECTS exercises) . Spectrum analysers: Bank-of-filter analyser, swept-spectrum analyser, FFT analyser, hybrid analysers; 3 labs on spectrum analyzers (1.5 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.9 ECTS labs). Digital multimeters: block diagram, integrating analog-to-digital converters (dual-slope and multi-slope) , resistance measurements, RMS-to-DC converters (thermal and analogue) (1.5 ECTS: 1.2 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises). Logic analyzers: principle and modes of operation; lab on logic analyzers (0.6 ECTS: 0.3 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS lab). Introduction to reliability: terms and definitions, models of failure rates, reliability analysis for electronic components (0.5 ECTS).
Uncertainty, a probabilistic approach: Introduction to the probabilistic approach, type B evaluation of the uncertainty, type A evaluation of uncertainty, propagation of uncertainty; 2 labs on the evaluation of the uncertainty (1.8 ECTS: 0.9 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Quantities and units. The revised International System of Units. Electrical units: realization of the second with atomic clocks, realization of the volt with the Josephson effect, realization of the ohm with the quantum Hall effect; realization of the ampere with single electron devices. Metrological traceability (0.9 ECTS). Frequency synthesis and waveform generation: Properties of signal sources, oscillators, direct analogue synthesizers, indirect analogue synthesizers (phase-lock loops), direct digital synthesizers; 2 labs on PLLs and frequency counters (1.8 ECTS: 0.9 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises, 0.6 ECTS lab). Basic frequency counters: Time interval counter, frequency counter, period counter, reciprocal counter. High frequency counters: Prescaler, heterodyne converter, transfer oscillator (1.3 ECTS: 1 ECTS lectures, 0.3 ECTS exercises). Spectrum analysers: Bank-of-filter analyser, swept-spectrum analyser, FFT analyser, hybrid analysers; 2 labs on spectrum analyzers (1.2 ECTS: 0.6 ECTS lectures, 0.6 ECTS labs). DC voltage measurements: dual-slope and multi-slope ADC converters. AC voltage measurements: thermal converter, RMS-to-DC converters, discrete and windowed discrete RMS. DC and AC current measurements: shunt resistor, transresistance amplifier. Multimeters (1 ECTS).
In addition to lectures, the course consists of in-class exercise sessions, laboratory sessions and homework assignments. Exercise sessions are aimed at analysing practical measurement situations involving different type of instruments. Laboratory sessions are aimed at developing experimental skills, practicing with the laboratory instrumentation described in the lectures and introduce a number of applications. The laboratory sessions focus on the following topics: uncertainty, frequency measurements, frequency synthesis with phase-lock loops, spectrum analysers. Homework assignments presenting exam-like problems are aimed at encouraging a gradual study of the subject (optional, with approximate biweekly frequency).
In addition to lectures, the course consists of in-class exercise sessions and laboratory sessions. Exercise sessions are aimed at analysing practical measurement situations involving different type of instruments. Laboratory sessions are aimed at developing experimental skills, practicing with the laboratory instrumentation described in the lectures and introduce a number of applications. The laboratory sessions focus on the following topics: uncertainty, frequency measurements, frequency synthesis with phase-lock loops, spectrum analysers. The Laboratory sessions are mandatory, and students are asked to fill a report for each laboratory session.
Slide handouts on selected topics, exercises, homework assignments and laboratory manuals are available for download from the course website. There is no single reference textbook, but excerpts from the following additional texts are used as reference for specific topics: JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. E. Rubiola, Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators, Cambridge University Press, 2010. A. Chenakin, Frequency Synthesizers, Artech House Inc., 2011. P. Symons, Digital Waveform Generation, Cambridge University Press, 2014. M. Engelson, Modern Spectrum Analyzer: Theory and Applications, Artech House Inc., 1984 R. A. Witte, Spectrum and Network Measurements, SciTech Publishing Inc., 2014. L. Callegaro, Electrical Impedance: Principles, Measurement and Applications, CRC Press: Taylor and Francis, 2013.
Slide handouts on selected topics, exercises, homework assignments and laboratory manuals are available for download from the course website. There is no single reference textbook, but excerpts from the following additional texts are used as reference for specific topics: JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. E. Rubiola, Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators, Cambridge University Press, 2010. A. Chenakin, Frequency Synthesizers, Artech House Inc., 2011. P. Symons, Digital Waveform Generation, Cambridge University Press, 2014. M. Engelson, Modern Spectrum Analyzer: Theory and Applications, Artech House Inc., 1984 R. A. Witte, Spectrum and Network Measurements, SciTech Publishing Inc., 2014.
Slides; Esercizi; Esercizi risolti; Esercitazioni di laboratorio; Video lezioni tratte da anni precedenti;
Lecture slides; Exercises; Exercise with solutions ; Lab exercises; Video lectures (previous years);
Modalità di esame: Prova scritta (in aula); Prova orale obbligatoria;
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam;
... The exam consists in a written test followed by an oral examination. The written test (2h30min) is composed of two problems (15 points each) in which students have to analyse or design a measurement set-up, evaluating uncertainties and discussing sources of errors. The written test is open books and students can use a scientific calculator. The minimum pass grade for the written test is 18/30. The oral examination (30-45 min) consists of two open questions about the operation of devices and instruments described in the course and their uncertainties: the student is expected to present the most significant aspects of the topic in a coherent and autonomous way. The grades of the two parts are averaged to yield the final grade. Students can optionally and individually deliver either a presentation (with slides) on one of the laboratory sessions of their choice or discuss a research paper (no slides, but the student can use their own notes on the paper). These optional activities (20-30 min) can grant up to 4 points to be added to the final grade.
Gli studenti e le studentesse con disabilità o con Disturbi Specifici di Apprendimento (DSA), oltre alla segnalazione tramite procedura informatizzata, sono invitati a comunicare anche direttamente al/la docente titolare dell'insegnamento, con un preavviso non inferiore ad una settimana dall'avvio della sessione d'esame, gli strumenti compensativi concordati con l'Unità Special Needs, al fine di permettere al/la docente la declinazione più idonea in riferimento alla specifica tipologia di esame.
Exam: Written test; Compulsory oral exam;
The exam consists in a written test followed by an oral test. The written test (1h30min) is composed of one problem (10 points maximum) in which students have to analyse or design a measurement set-up, evaluating uncertainties and discussing sources of errors. The written test is open books and students can use a scientific calculator. The score of the written test ranges from 0 to 10 and the minimum pass score is 6/10. The oral test (20-30 min) consists of two open questions about the operation of devices and instruments described in the course and their uncertainties, and one question about the lab experiences. The student is expected to present the most significant aspects of a topic in a coherent and autonomous way. The oral test score ranges from 0 to 22. The final grade is the sum of the written test score and of the oral test score. One bonus point is awarded to those who attended all laboratories. The maximum grade depends on lab attendance: 30L, with 5-6 attended labs; 30, with 4 attended labs; 28, with 3 attended labs; 27, with 2 attended labs; 26, with 1 attended lab; and 25, with 0 attended labs.
In addition to the message sent by the online system, students with disabilities or Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are invited to directly inform the professor in charge of the course about the special arrangements for the exam that have been agreed with the Special Needs Unit. The professor has to be informed at least one week before the beginning of the examination session in order to provide students with the most suitable arrangements for each specific type of exam.
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