The course makes a detailed analysis of the main topics in the adoption of power converter and drives in Hybrid and Electric vehicle for personal and public mobility. The request of a better efficiency from one side and the increasing request of electric energy from the other are the bases of all the solution proposed in the course. Batteries, supercaps, kinetic energy storage will be analyzed as well together with the technical drawbacks in the adoption of different voltage level in EVs and HEVs.

Evaluation and design capability regarding the electrical subsystems of an electric or hybrid vehicle. An improved skill in the analysis of the performance of the most common drive-line architectures, in traction. An autonomous capability of choosing the proper solution for the different applications will be stimulated too.

Basics of electrical machines and power electronic structures. Elementary concepts of kinematics and internal combustion engines. Simulation capability of non dynamic structures for energetic evaluations.

' Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) main structures, critical analysis of the different solutions (10h).
' Drives performance requirements for the electric and hybrid vehicles, as a consequence of the vehicle performance requirements (10h).
' Electric power distribution on board: voltage-current levels, opportunity nor need for adoption of proper DC/DC converters, between batteries and drives (10h)
' Battery types and their adoption in EV-HEVs, supercaps and kinetic energy storage systems: power density, energy density, life cycles (10h).
' Drive structures most suited to the different applications: preliminary system design and simulations (12h)
' Comparison among different drive structures: motor and power converters sizing. Overload capability, costs for the different vehicles topologies (20h)
' Final considerations on the actual adopted solution and future trends (8h).

In addition to lectures, numerical evaluations and simulation will be performed as individual or group activities and will converge in a final report to be discussed in the final examination.

Possibly suggested Titles:
' Graham Atkin and Jonathan Storey, "Electric Vehicles (Prospects to battery-, fuel cell- and hybrid-powered vehicles)", Financial Times Automotive, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9LL, UK, 1998:
' A. Szumanowski, "Fundamentals of hybrid vehicle drives", ITE Warsaw-Radom 2000 (www.itee.radom.pl mailto: instytut@itee.radom.pl)
' D.A.J. Rand, R. Woods, R.M. Dell, "Batteries for Electric Vehicles", Research Studies Press Ltd., 1998:
' J. Larminie, A. Dicks, "Fuel Cell System Explained ", J. Wiley & Sons, 2000 (overview)
' M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. E. Gay and A. Emadi, "Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design" (Power Electronics and Applications Series) CRC-PRESS

1) Examination procedure :

The examination is based on the oral discussion and defense of a project done during the semester. The focus of the project is the design of an electric traction line for an electric or hybrid vehicle given at the beginning of the lessons, that means in the first weak. Once the subject is given three sections have to be written:
First part: Traction sizing
Second part: Electric traction line specifications
Third part: Detailed design of all components of the drive-line

2) How the evaluation is given:
Each part have to be send to the professor by email at the end of the respective period. The first two part are sent by e-mail in electronic form as .pdf files, correction and evaluation follow. In a scale 0-to-10 (10 best score) the following elements are evaluated: work completeness, precision in the calculations, coherences in the choices, easiness in the reading. All the elements are equally weighed and given in fraction of 30s. A maximum of four (4) points are added for extra arguments. The result is saturated to 27/30.

The last part have to include the previous two with all the corrections, have to be discussed in an oral examination directly fixed with the professor. This part is evaluated in the same way as the other one. The final number is the mean value of the three parts and a plus/minus 3 point are given as a function of the capability shown in the oral presentation. The laude is given only if all evaluations have been saturated to 27.

Each part cannot exceed 50 pages. No minimal limit is foresees.

3) Examination topics.
The course is designed to allow each student to show his design capability and ability to evaluate the boundary conditions in an extreme autonomous way. This means that are considered examination arguments all information learned in engineering and not engineering courses.
In detail each part has a series of essential arguments needed for the completeness evaluation:

First part:
Adopted vehicle and use specifications
Type of hybridization thermal-electric and its motivation
Vehicle specifications
- Main data as given by the professor
- personal indications chosen for each necessary and missing information
Estimation of the efficiencies of the traction line components
Evaluation of the forces for the vehicle motion
Specification of the global traction torque
Energetic evaluation over a reference normative driving cycle
Energetic evaluation over a reference non-normative driving cycle
Power specification of all components of a traction line.

Second part:
Specifications of all traction elements:
- maximal and minimal admitted dimensions
- expected performance
- expected efficiency
- reference standards
- cooling conditions
- test conditions
- expected cost

For each element of the traction line described along the course it has to be defined the main and fundamental design conditions.

Third part:
Detailed design of all elements of the driving line.

For each element a minimal level of design activity will be defined along the course.

Design means the choice of all the fundamental elements on the electric driving line, but if more inductive element are foreseen only one have to be designed in detail while all capacitive elements have to be chosen.

Conclusions on the activity is a mandatory part (max one page).